论行政判决的反射效力及其强度——以合法性否定判决为侧重

行政判决的反射效力是一种客观的超越既判力范围的影响力,它内在地包括反射性确定力、反射性拘束力和构成要件效力等.就其法理而言,行政判决在本质上即司法之于行政的合法性判断,其反射效力即源自于这种“合法性判断”本身.在其现实意义上,正是其反射效力而非既判力,延展了行政判决作用的广度和深度,提升了司法审查之于法治国家建设乃至整个社会文明进程之价值.挖掘并正视这种价值,或对近期《行政诉讼法》修改有所裨益.     

德国刑事政策的任务、原则及司法实践

德国是刑事政策理论的发祥地 ,也是刑事政策思想学说最为深刻、系统的国家。它将刑事政策的任务定位于 :基于不同时期的社会状况和犯罪态势指导包括刑法、刑事诉讼法和刑罚执行法律在内的刑事法律的制定、执行及变革 ,指出与犯罪作斗争的有效途径和方法。人道、法治和公正三大原则贯穿于刑事政策的始终 ,使得现代德国刑事政策的进程表现出整体上犯罪网趋宽、刑罚网疏缓 ,而对特定犯罪轻中有重、重势增强的特征     

完善网络服务商间接责任制度的思考

分析了我国现行的有关网络版权间接侵权立法中存在的问题,并结合发达国家的成熟经验和我国实际,从间接责任的主观要件的认定、立法体例的设计等方面,对相关法律法规提出了修改完善的建议.     

Transcending the dilemma of “public interest”

This paper discusses the evolution and recent trends in the development of the constitutional concept of “public use” in the case-law history of the United States starting from the source of US government’s taking powers and the original meaning of the Taking Clause in the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Since the concepts of “public use” and “public interest” are extremely difficult to be defined, it is very hard for the US courts to develop a relevant operative criterion. In the United States, the safeguard of “public interest” in taking mainly lies legislative rather than judicial control. In a democratic society, legislative judgment is highly respected by the courts and the entire takeovers that conform to public use as determined by the Congress are usually deemed constitutional. In this sense, the Congress is a “public interest machine”, which automatically generates laws and decisions on behalf of public interests through the democratic representative process. The paper eventually suggests that China should divert its attention from the theoretical definition of “public interest” to institutional construction, and should make the National and Local People’s Congresses and their standing committees to play major roles in deciding taking and compensation schemes. __________ Translated from Zhongguo Faxue 中国法学 (China Law), 2005, (5): 36–45     

“法律与公共政策”专题导读

<正>2011年1月24日,全国人大常委会委员长吴邦国郑重宣布"中国特色社会主义法律体系形成",这或许标志着一个长达三十年的由法学专家和政府官员主导的"法律移植运动"的落幕。一个通过超前立法、不断修法来带动法学研究的时代,或许正在走向终结。在此之后,法学研究新的增长点在什么地方呢?     

“法的价值”概念辨析

<正> 法的价值体现着法的精神。近年来,我国法学逐渐将法的价值问题作为法理学的首要问题来看待。尽管我国法学界对法的价值这一极其复杂抽象的概念作了艰难而又有益的探讨,并取得很大进展,但这一领域的学术纷争使关于法的价值的解释仍然处于春秋战国时代。可以这么说,在中国,读一本法理学著述,就得更换一种新的法的价值概念。不同的见解固然体现了学者们的仁智,但五彩纷呈的对法的价值概念的解释又确实给学者们的相互对话带来困难,尤其是使关于法的价值问题的教学和研究面临困境。有鉴于此,有人猜测,厘清法的价值概念含义可能是我国法学工作者研究法的价值问题的首要工作。本文不揣浅陋,企图就法的价值的概念作一辨析并提出自己对法的价值概念含义的看法。     

逻辑与艺几 法意流转模式的现象学解

法的精神即为法意,法意之司行即为流转。法意流转大别为逻辑演绎与类比推理两种风格迥异的模式。逻辑演绎主张以言敛意,在语言的地基之上以"方以智"的风格诠释法意流转,重"一"。类比推理强调言不尽意,以"圆而神"的风格艺几性地流转法意,尚"多"。方则易执,欠缺圆之神妙;圆则善变,差强方之智识。方圆互补是不通透的方智理路,立足于人性解放之上的自由变更才能真正实现法意流转的方圆无间之道。这正是法意流传的现象学解答。     

Validation studies of the ParaDNA® Intelligence System with artificial evidence items

Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is one of the mostly used systems for forensic applications. In certain circumstances, STR profiling is time-consuming and costly, which potentially leads to delays in criminal investigations. LGC (Laboratory of the Government Chemist, UK) Forensics has developed a robust STR profiling platform called the ParaDNA^® Intelligence Test System which can provide early tactical intelligence and aid investigators in making informed decisions on sample prioritization for detection. Here, we validated the ParaDNA intelligence test for its application in forensic cases using a range of mock evidence items following guidelines set by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). Specifically, we tested the sensitivity and accuracy of the ParaDNA intelligence test, as well as the success rates for detecting mock samples and for use in case scenarios. Our findings demonstrate that the ParaDNA intelligence test generates useful DNA profiles, especially for samples such as blood, saliva, and semen that contain ample DNA, indicating the benefits of including ParaDNA as a prior step in forensic STR profiling pipelines.     

为了计算机产业的健全发展——软件的法律保护

<正> 一、程序的特殊性近年来,电子技术飞速发展,这已是众所周知,无须赘述。但很难说与此有关的一些事物也在同样发展。现在的实际情况是电子技术在不停地持续前进,而遗留下一系列未解决的问题,如:新技术的应用以及我们     

对基层党组织适应新体制保持先进性的思考

先进性建设是党的建设的根本任务。在推进铁路跨越式发展的进程中,如何巩固和扩大先进性教育活动成果,发挥长效机制作用;如何加强领导班子建设,提高路局班子的“直管”能力和站段班子的“自管”能力;如何建立适合站段和车间实际的基层党建工作新机制,是路局直接管理站段体制和深化运输生产力布局调整的新形势下,党建工作面临的新课题。新的形势,新的任务,要求我们必须以科学发展观为统领,以基层党组织和党员队伍建设为重点,切实发挥优势,沉着应对挑战,不断推进政治工作创新,坚定不移地融入中心、服务大局,保安全、保稳定、促发展,并以此作为…