Context effects in forensic science: a review and application of the science of science to crime laboratory practice in the United States.

This article discusses the phenomenon of "context effects" by reviewing the findings and practices of a range of scientific fields, including astronomy, physics, biology, medicine, and especially the relevant research and theory from psychology. Context information, such as expectations about what one is supposed to see or conclude, has been found to have a small but relentless impact on human perception, judgment, and decision-making. The article then considers the vulnerability of forensic science practice to context effects, and concludes by suggesting that forensic science adopt practices familiar in other fields of scientific work, in particular blind or double-blind testing and also the use of evidence line-ups.     

赵尚志“主笔”《东北红星壁报》

赵尚志是东北抗日联军著名将领.曾任抗联三军军长、北满抗联总司令、抗联第二路军副总指挥.他指挥千军万马在东北大地与凶恶的日本侵略者进行艰苦卓绝的英勇斗争的光辉业绩,几乎家喻户晓,但他亲自拿起笔杆,"主笔"壁报,开展抗日宣传,却鲜为人知.     

建构东亚经济合作的新视角--中国-东盟自由贸易区的政治经济学分析

区域经济和贸易集团化是当今世界经济发展的重要趋势之一.与世界其它地区相比,东亚在区域经济一体化的进程方面明显滞后.国际政治经济学的分析方法为推动东亚经济整合提供了新的范式.中国-东盟自由贸易区的启动正是基于这种分析框架之上的有益探索.当前,在中共中央关于"发展是中国第一要务"的方针指引下,中国为推动地区经济合作提出了适合本地区经济发展特点的合作模式,这必将为中国整合地区经济,进而拉动中国经济持久增长提供新的动力.全力塑造东亚经济圈的努力正有条不紊地进行,东亚经济一体化将在艰难中曲折前进.     

An alternative method to screen for pepper spray residue

A method was developed to screen for pepper spray residue using instruments and methods other than those techniques commonly employed to analyze chemical residue (i.e.. gas chromatography mass spectrometry-GCMS or liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-LCMS). The method employed gas chromatography (GC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to screen for dried pepper spray stains. Pepper sprays from nine different manufacturers were investigated. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were identified and unique IR reflectance spectra are presented. An additional five compounds were presumptively found. Results showed that a particular stain could be characterized as a pepper-based stain.     

Volitional impairment and the sexually violent predator

This article discusses psychiatry's limited conceptualization of volitional capacity and its application to sexually violent predator laws by exploring two legal opinions critical to predator case law (Kansas v. Hendricks and Kansas v. Crane). The author reviewed pertinent psychiatric literature on impaired volition to identify potential contributions and limitations that psychiatry may offer the legal field. Assessment of the ego dystonic nature of impaired self-regulation, utilization of recent advances in self-assessment and laboratory evaluation of impulsive behavior, and dimensional categorization of a volitional capacity construct are recommended as an approach to the assessment and understanding of an inability to control concept. This paper concludes that elements of volition may be psychiatrically evaluated in a way that contributes to the Court's understanding of that capacity. However, further study is needed to operationally define volitional capacity and address issues of assessment validity and reliability.