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101.
德国劳动、社会保障制度及有关争议案件的处理 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
<正> 一、德国劳动、社会保障法制概况 德国是世界上劳动和社会保障法制建立得比较早和比较完善的国家之一。德国学者和法官认为,他们现行的劳动和社会保障法制是根据1949年5月生效的《德意志联邦共和国基本法》,即德国宪法的规定建立的。德国是一个法制国家,一切行为均由法律规范和调整,其中一个重要的原则是国家保证公民的基本权利的实现。《基本法》明确规定,人人享有“法律面前人人平等”、“言论自由”、“结社自由”、“选择职业的自由”等项基本权利。还针对劳动、社会保障等方面的权利特别作出规定:“每一个人和所有行业、职业及专门职业为维护和改善工作及经济条件而结社的权利受到保护。”“每一个人都享有生存、身体不受伤害和不受妨碍地发展自己 相似文献
102.
103.
<正> 本世纪初德国诞生的第一家\"康采恩\",如今已在许多国家广泛存在,并发展到相当完备的形式。我国目前1630多家大型企业集团中,约有20%属于这种形式。虽然某些规范性文件未直接使用\"康采恩\"名称,但实际却引导企业集团向这个方向发展。随着社会主义市场经济的建立,康采恩形式在整个集团中的比例将越来越大。本文试对康采恩的法律形式和特点、发展中遇到的问题和对策进行一些探讨。一、康采恩的法律形式及特点康采恩是以实力最雄厚的大垄断企业或银行为核心,把不同经济部门的许多企业联合在 相似文献
104.
刑事案例指导制度具有使规范明确化、使当事人获得公正感、减轻法官压力、统一法律适用等功能。近年来,最高人民法院在选择案例方面极为用心,但有的案例在重申公共议题、公共政策,有的案例与过去的司法解释完全重复。由最高司法机关强力推进刑事案例指导制度的思路,可能与罪刑法定相抵触,与转变社会中的经济和社会政策相悖,过多揭示疑难问题,不利于实现最高人民法院近年来所提倡的“案结事了”,也可能承受理论上持不同见解者的批评。未来应当重点考虑平衡由最高人民法院作为案例发布唯一主体的“制度建构”和地方法院、专家学者共同参与的“自发秩序形成”之间的关系,最高人民法院不应是唯一的垄断力量,建立详尽的案例指导制度配套措施,增设“大法官会议”制度,承认地方法院经常参酌案例的指导性地位,肯定基层法官、专家学者、律师对于刑事案例指导建设的独特贡献。 相似文献
105.
Since the introduction of the Internet, China's networked public sphere has become a critical site in which various actors compete to shape public opinion and promote or forestall legal and political change. This paper examines how members of an online public, the Tianya Forum, conceptualized and discussed law in relation to a specific event, the 2008 Sanlu milk scandal. Whereas previous studies suggest the Chinese state effectively controls citizens' legal consciousness via propaganda, this analysis shows that the construction of legality by the Tianya public was not a top‐down process, but a complex negotiation involving multiple parties. The Chinese state had to compete with lawyers and outspoken media to frame and interpret the scandal for the Tianya public and it was not always successful in doing so. Data show further how the online public framed the food safety incident as indicative of fundamental problems rooted in China's political regime and critiqued the state's instrumental use of law. 相似文献
106.
Jonathan H. Ping 《Asian Journal of Political Science》2013,21(1):21-40
Abstract China, once seen as a threat by the states of South Asia, is now viewed correctly as an alternative development opportunity. The unprecedented success of the Chinese development model places it as an obvious alternative to that offered by India—or indeed by the Western model of development—but what implications does this have for the middle and small powers that surround India, and indeed for India and the Western developed world? The fundamental rationale for China's relations with South Asia has changed radically, but the Sino-centric nature of Chinese foreign policy remains. Uniquely, for India's neighbours, but also for the global political economy as a whole, Chinese economic power raises political issues of human security, economic interdependence, and the relationship between physical infrastructure and the benefits of global public goods. The Chinese necessity to tranship through South Asia is identified as a complex new reality for the great power. 相似文献
107.
浓缩DNA法结合miniSTR分型技术检验微量DNA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的优化低拷贝数DNA STR分型方法。方法对采用磁珠法或Chelex-100法提取DNA,Identi-filer试剂盒扩增,未获得分型结果的日常检案检材,采用物理浓缩法或过柱浓缩法浓缩DNA,采用miniFilerTM试剂盒再次扩增分型。结果 127例检材中,47例磁珠法提取DNA未获得分型的样品,分型成功率为36%;80例Chelex-100法提取DNA未获分型的样品,分型成功率为30%。结论采用浓缩法和miniFilerTM试剂盒,可以提高日常检案中低拷贝数检材的STR检验分型成功率。 相似文献
108.
Min Li Ruiyang Tao Wei Zhou Yanan Li Meng Meng Yilun Zhang Linsheng Yu Liqin Chen Yingnan Bian Chengtao Li 《法庭科学研究(英文)》2021,6(1):84
Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is one of the mostly used systems for forensic applications. In certain circumstances, STR profiling is time-consuming and costly, which potentially leads to delays in criminal investigations. LGC (Laboratory of the Government Chemist, UK) Forensics has developed a robust STR profiling platform called the ParaDNA® Intelligence Test System which can provide early tactical intelligence and aid investigators in making informed decisions on sample prioritization for detection. Here, we validated the ParaDNA intelligence test for its application in forensic cases using a range of mock evidence items following guidelines set by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). Specifically, we tested the sensitivity and accuracy of the ParaDNA intelligence test, as well as the success rates for detecting mock samples and for use in case scenarios. Our findings demonstrate that the ParaDNA intelligence test generates useful DNA profiles, especially for samples such as blood, saliva, and semen that contain ample DNA, indicating the benefits of including ParaDNA as a prior step in forensic STR profiling pipelines. 相似文献
109.
Junqi Jian Lei Wan Yu Shao Donghua Zou Ping Huang Zhuoqun Wang Ningguo Liu Yijiu Chen 《法庭科学研究(英文)》2021,6(2):152-158
It may be difficult to distinguish the cause of death in drowning cases without specific findings. The aim of this study was to explore the forensic value of thoracic postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) using routine images and three-dimensional (3D) image reconstructions. The imaging data of PMCT examinations of six drowning cadavers, aged 21–54 years, were analyzed. Twelve victims of sudden death from coronary artery disease (CAD) were chosen as a control group. After 3D bilateral lung images were reconstructed using image processing software, an interactive medical image control system was used to measure and analyze parameters including lung volume, lung volume ratio, mean CT value of the whole lung, and lung CT value distribution curves. Lung volume and lung volume ratio were used to assess the shape changes of the lung. Lung CT value distribution curves showed the corresponding number of pixels of the different CT values in the lung image. Lung volume was not significantly larger in drowning cases (mean 2 958 cm3) than in controls (mean 2 342 cm3). Lung volume ratio values in the drowning group (mean 0.3156) were greater than those in the control group (mean 0.2763); (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference between the drowning and control group in the mean CT value of the whole lung. There were differences between lung CT value distribution curves in drowning victims and controls, with drowning victims showing a single peak and CAD cases showing a bimodal distribution. Thoracic PMCT is helpful for the forensic medical diagnosis of drowning. Lung volume ratio and lung CT value distribution are potential indicators to distinguish between drowning and CAD. 相似文献
110.
公共部门的产出结果难以观测、多任务、多委托人、以及内在激励型代理人等特征与激励扭曲的形成密不可分,都可能导致代理人行为结果偏离委托人的期望目标。公共部门激励扭曲程度可以采用Baker模型的向量夹角表示法进行具体的测量操作步骤设计,本文以福建某市的街道办事处为测量对象,演示该算法在我国公共部门测量中的实际操作方法。 相似文献