新时代中国外交理论建设与外交实践笔谈

从方法论、理论意义和制度创新三个角度把握新时代中国外交理论的丰富内涵和发展方向,是深化新时代中国外交战略和外交理论研究的重要保证。人类命运共同体思想不仅丰富了中国的国际关系理论,也有力推动着理论范式的创新。这种创新表现为中国国际关系理念与价值创新、思维创新、模式创新和话语创新。我们需要深刻辨识中国全球伙伴关系战略对开创国际关系新模式的理论意义和高质量共建"一带一路"对世界共同现代化的制度创新价值。21世纪的国际竞争具有新的特点,更多体现为纵向竞争、间接竞争、错位竞争。由于美国视中国为长期性的竞争对手,这使得国际体系中的大国战略竞争呈现长期化态势。我们应从更广阔的战略图谱中定位竞争,从管控竞争、化解竞争的角度去应对竞争,其中包括推动实现"真正的多边主义"。     

Where Are the Big Five Headed?

正China’s banking behemoths face unprecedented challenges In China, there is a widely held stereotype concerning major state-owned commercial banks: They never have to sweat or bleed to make money. Instead, they just lie on their back and whistle as torrents of cash flow to them endlessly.The good old days, however, may be gone. Although the five biggest state-owned banks posted profits as hefty as usual in 2013, they are now cornered by more     

Remembering Mao Zedong

正The nation commemorates the contributions of New China’s founding father Mao Zedong,a man whose name is inseparable with the birth of the People’s Republic of China(PRC),has long been regarded as a symbol of the Chinese Communist Revolution.Now,his lasting influence has been reaffirmed through his 120th anniversary.     

Encyclopedia 2.0

正Online resources are gaining popularity but also raising concerns over the reliability of the information on them By Yuan Yuan Paraxylene,also known as PX,is an important but controversial chemical product for industrial use,and has become a topic of debate on the back of protests in Maoming,south China’s Guangdong Province,over     

A Rare Mettle

正Hit with an unfavorable WTO ruling,China must dig deep in order to rescue its beleaguered rare earth industryAccording to a World Trade Organization(WTO)Appellate Body ruling published on August 7,China has lost its appeal against a case brought by the United States,the European Union and Japan challenging its restrictions on exports of rare earths.     

Breaking Barricades

正The current state of Sino-Japanese relations is strikingly worrisome.Particularly in the past year,conflicts have deepened between the two on issues concerning historical perception,territorial sovereignty and security.In a speech at a meeting of the 21st Century Committee for China-Japan Friendship,recently held in Nagasaki,Japan,Zhou Mingwei,a committee member,shared his thoughts on current Sino-Japanese relations.Excerpts as follows     

96孔过滤板在接触性DNA自动化检验中的应用

目的将96孔过滤板用于自动化工作站,对接触性DNA进行检验。方法收集553份现场提取的附着在烟蒂、饮料瓶、门窗把手、电源网线头、作案工具、手套上的微量接触性生物检材,在96孔过滤板上进行裂解后整体离心,分离载体与裂解液;应用自动化核酸提取纯化仪结合M48磁珠纯化试剂盒提取纯化DNA,采用IdentifilerPlus试剂盒进行扩增,3500XL测序仪电泳分型,ID-X专家系统分析结果。结果在553份检材中,成功获得STR分型的有271份,检验成功率在31.6%~97.3%之间,烟蒂、饮料瓶检材的成功率均在90%以上,提取纯化过程约90min。结论将96孔过滤板用于自动化工作站,可在实现批量接触性DNA的快速、自动化提取的同时,有效提高接触性DNA检出率。     

买卖不破租赁规则的法律效果——以契约地位承受模式为前提

合同法第229条确立的是"契约地位承受模式",并非消极的承租人对抗模式。应确立租赁标的物所有权变动的通知义务,以保障承租人的知情利益。原出租人预先收取租金时,应肯定标的物交付后受让人对于原出租人的不当得利请求权或返还原物请求权,承租人则得以对原出租人的清偿对抗受让人的租金请求。出租人预先出让了将来租金债权时,在解释论上应肯定将来债权受让人的优先性,标的物受让人所受的不利益则通过其他制度予以救济。对于出租人地位保留的问题,应认为未经承租人同意的保留不生其效力,但在立法论上可以考虑有条件地肯定其效力。押租金的问题,则应坚持押租金契约的从属性,新所有权人的返还债务并不以是否受有现实转交为条件。     

刑法解释方法位阶性的质疑

文义解释有诸多局限,需要其他解释方法来印证和检验,因此其并不具有优位性。客观目的解释的功能具有多面性,其仅在目的性缩限时具有绝对优先性,因此不能一概认为其有决定性;主观目的解释仅在提供不处罚的立法资料时具有特殊价值。在刑法解释的商谈、试错过程中,方法的采用有"各取所需"的特点,采用何种解释方法取决于对处罚必要性的判断;解释是一种结果,通常是在结论确定之后再选择解释方法,为法官定罪与否提供"事后注脚";由于司法裁判必须考虑国民的认同感,且要接受后果考察,刑法适用就必须兼顾大量解释方法自身难以涵括的各种复杂因素。因此,如何立足于法条用语的通常含义,将犯罪论体系、规范保护目的、国民的规范认同、处罚必要性等内容一并考虑,并且坚持实践理性,选择对个案最为合适的解释方法,将实质解释的结论限定在特定时代能够接受的范围内,从而平衡好惩罚犯罪和保障人权的关系,是比刑法解释方法的位阶性更为重要的问题。