百年启蒙:文化定位和文化创新

在20世纪上半叶,中国究竟是通过西化的道路来实现中国的文艺复兴,还是通过中学为体、西学为用的道路来实现中国的文艺复兴?中学之体是什么,而西学之用又是什么?没有得出结论。改革开放以来,无论是西学还是国学的研究,都是从低水平重新开始的,文化的积累非常薄弱。不能指望在短短的30年间超越西方文化,对西方文化的学习仍然是我们的重要课题。中国的新文化要在广泛的实践探索中逐步形成自己的主流文化。     

助产失误娩下脑瘫儿引发医疗纠纷1例分析

本文是1例有关医院助产失误,致使孕妇分娩出的新生儿患有脑瘫,随后医患之间发生纠纷,并就此诉诸于法院的案例.该事件从新生儿出生到最终司法审理结案,持续了长达近十年的时间.本案在漫长的审理过程中对于法律适用、责任认定、赔偿方式、鉴定方式选择等方面都具有在今后医疗纠纷司法诉讼中予以借鉴的价值.     

医疗卫生体制改革中完善市场机制的思考

本文从经济学理论入手,分析了我国医疗卫生体制改革中存在问题的主要根源,探讨了完善医疗卫生领域市场机制的具体对策,提出了我国的医疗服务体制改革必须规避市场化过度,走适合中国国情的道路,即充分建立起在政府适当干预下的、完善的医疗卫生市场机制的建议。     

Fraud: The Characteristic Crime of the Twenty-First Century

In the same way that larceny characterized much of twentieth century, fraud will likely characterize the twenty-first century. Larceny remains the most common oi all serious crimes, but fraud may overtake larceny as the crime of choice in the future, because of changes in our ownership, storage, and movement of property. Fraud involves purposely obtaining the property of another through deception, and its popularity as a crime of choice is growing. Entrusting property to the custody oi others, storing property at remote locations, and electronic movement of property are shown to be major changes in the way we treat property and increase opportunities for theft. The connection between fraud and many of the serious crimes of the twenty-first century are shown in the facts of recent cases. The motivation of thefl behind many frauds is also shown to be used to fund larger criminal objectives, such as illegal immigration and terrorism. The points of view expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Dr. Albanese is chief of the International Center at NIJ on leave from his position as professor of Government and Public Affairs at Virginia Commonwealth University.     

评《物权法(草案)》关于基本原则的规定

将物权法定与物权公示两项原则固定为实证法规范,这一做法本无不可。问题在于,我国物权法草案似乎颇有画虎不成之嫌,其相关规定或者几乎不具有规范品格,或者被错误地表述了规范构成。实际上,上述两项原则均非必得专列条文而置于总则,《德国民法典》即通过各具体规范加以体现。考虑到提取“公因式”之作业本就难度极高,1如果草案制定者无法在短时间内透彻地理解必要的法律理论,放弃在总则部分规定物权法定与物权公示两原则的想法,也许是较为明智的选择。     

NO COMMUNITY IS AN ISLAND: THE EFFECTS OF RESOURCE DEPRIVATION ON URBAN VIOLENCE IN SPATIALLY AND SOCIALLY PROXIMATE COMMUNITIES*

The link between resource deprivation and urban violence has long been explored in criminological research. Studies, however, have largely ignored the potential for resource deprivation in particular communities to affect rates of violence in others. The relative inattention is notable because of the strong theoretical grounds to anticipate influences that extend both to geographically contiguous areas and to those that, though not contiguous, share similar social characteristics. We argue that such influences—what we term spatial and social proximity effects, respectively—constitute a central feature of community dynamics. To support this argument, we develop and test theoretically derived hypotheses about spatial and social proximity effects of resource deprivation on aggregated and disaggregated homicide counts. Our analyses indicate that local area resource deprivation contributes to violence in socially proximate communities, an effect that, in the case of instrumental homicides, is stronger when such communities are spatially proximate. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for theories focused on community‐level social processes and violence, and for policies aimed at reducing crime in disadvantaged areas.     

THE POTENTIAL OF THE FAMILY LAW EDUCATION REFORM PROJECT FOR FAMILY LAWYERS1

Family lawyers are major beneficiaries of the reforms set out in the Family Law Education Reform Project (FLER) Report. This commentary from a veteran family law practitioner explores the needs of the family law bar for the training of law students in practical, interdisciplinary, client‐centered lawyering that goes beyond the traditional case method. I trace many of the current innovations evolving in family law practice and how FLER reforms will not only benefit law schools but also have a major impact in the courts and private practice sector.     

Long-term success in mediation

This article reports the results of a study of the antecedents of long-term success in community mediation. Seventy-three mediation sessions were recorded and content analyzed. The participants were interviewed at two points: immediately after mediation and 4 to 8 months later. No relationship was found between the quality of the agreements—i.e., the extent to which they solved immediate problems- and long-term success as measured by compliance, improved relations between the parties, and the absence of new problems. On the other hand, joint problem solving by the disputants was related to complainant perceptions of improved relations with the other party. Also respondent perceptions that the mediation had been fair and that all the problems had come out were related to all aspects of long-term success in the eyes of the complainant. The latter results support a procedural justice analysis of mediation and underline the importance of mediator attention to the respondent.