美国专家证言的可采性研究——以美国判例与立法的互动为中心

美国对专家证言的可采性经历了弗赖伊判例"普遍接受标准"的限定到《联邦证据规则》对专家证言"关联性"和"有用性"的立法扩张,催生了达伯特判例的"综合观察标准",又因"乔因纳"、"锦湖轮胎"判例对达伯特判例的冲击,引发了涉及科学、技术和经验知识专家证言可采性的多种判断标准的纷争,导致《联邦证据规则》作出了限缩性的修正。判例与立法的互动背后演绎着专家证言可采性的判断权由"科技社群"向"法官"移转,最终法官扮演了专家证言进入法庭"守门人"的角色。美国专家证言可采性判断标准迷失于判例促发立法的互动,为我国法官如何走出依赖原有内部设立鉴定人积习提供了有益的启迪和可借鉴的经验。     

Genetic analysis of 17 Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes of Chinese Tibetan ethnic group residing in Qinghai province of China

We have co-amplified and analyzed 17 Y-chromosomal STRs loci including European 'extended haplotypes' (DYS19, DYS389 I, DYS389 II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a,b, DYS438, and DYS439) and also six additional loci DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and YGATA H4 in a population sample of 167 healthy unrelated autochthonous male individuals of Chinese Tibetan ethnic minority group residing in Qinghai province of China using a multiplex PCR system. The gene diversity values for the Y-STRs loci ranged from a minimum 0.3581 for DYS391 locus to a maximum of 0.8702 for DYS385a,b loci in Tibetan population. A total of 163 haplotypes were identified in the set of Y-STR loci, of which 159 were unique and 4 found in two individuals. The overall haplotype diversity for the set of Y-STRs loci was 0.9998, and the discrimination capacity was 0.9938. Research results will be valuable for human identification and paternity tests in the region and for Chinese population genetic study in the future.     

谈晃动中击发

在手枪射击过程中,晃动在瞄准过程中不可避免。在教学与训练过程中,应让学员了解晃动产生的原因,教导学员在瞄准过程中减小晃动、在晃动过程中把握时机做到自然击发和正确的运用晃动提高射击成绩的方法。     

广西壮、汉族人群F13A01、FESTPS、vWA三个STR基因座的遗传多态性

采用复合扩增、PAG电泳分离和银染检测技术,对广西壮、汉族人群的F13A01、FESFPS、vWA等3个STR基因座进行遗传多态性研究.3个基因座的基因型在广西壮、汉族人群的频率分布均符合Hardy-wein-berg平衡.3个STR基因座在广西壮族人群的个体识别力(DP)分别为0.8205、0.8566和0.9239;在广西汉族人群的个体识别力(DP)分别为0.8256、0.8455、0.9191.     

Strategy of Chinese policy entrepreneurs in the third sector: challenges of “Technical Infeasibility”

Studies of policy entrepreneurs have become a staple of public policy research. Very few such studies deal with the circumstances of China. This paper aims to remedy this oversight by exploring the mechanisms of policy change in China. Using John Kingdon’s Multiple Streams (MS) Model, the author develops the “Technical Infeasibility Model.” The paper tests the MS model’s applicability to China by examining strategies put forth by Chinese policy entrepreneurs in the third sector. It considers how they may successfully promote change by using a strategy of proposing a relatively radical policy concept that is politically acceptable and technically infeasible to policy makers. To illustrate such a strategy, this paper considers a case of policy change involving Chinese urban vagrants. The policy on “Detention and Repatriation,” which was first implemented in 1982, was challenged following the Sun Zhigang Incident in March 2003. Shortly thereafter law scholars filed two suggestion letters to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee calling for a constitutionality review of the Detention and Repatriation System. Though it was “technically infeasible” to air such a proposal in China at that time, the State Council initiated action to abolish certain provisions of the Detention and Repatriation System. However, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee did not conduct a constitutionality review.

芪丹通脉片对健康犬冠状动脉血流量及阻力影响

目的：观察复方中药制剂芪丹通脉片对健康犬心脏冠状动脉血流量及阻力的影响,方法：分离犬的冠状动物左旋支及主动脉根部,放置电磁流量计探头,测定不同药物在给药前后不同时刻碱诉冠状动脉血流量,计算冠状动脉阻力。结果：芪丹通脉片高剂量（生药2g/kg)能明显增加冠状动脉血流量,减少冠状动脉阻力,结论：芪丹通脉片能够增加冠状动脉血流量,调整和改善心肌供血,为缺血性心脏病的治疗提供了实验论据。     

中国逻辑史研究方法的新探索——浅述崔清田教授的"历史分析与文化诠释"法

本文简要论述了我国中国逻辑史研究专家崔清田教授主张的“历史分析与文化诠释”研究方法的由来及主要内容,其要点是:在中逻史研究中,要把其主要研究内容名学与辩置于它们得以产生和发展的具体历史环境之中,并把它们视为先秦文化的有机组成部分,如此进行考察研究才有可能得出较为正确结论。     

DNA侦查技术的应用与前景

DNA侦查技术克服了以往遗传标记检测的种种缺陷以及指纹技术的一些局限 ,实现了物证检验从否定到认定的飞跃。目前DNA侦查技术正在走向更广阔、更深入的领域 ,出现了具有良好应用前景的一些新技术 ;许多国家均投资建立国家DNA犯罪数据库。我国的DNA犯罪数据库也在加紧建设中。从目前我国的有关情况看 ,建立DNA技术标准化和质量控制体系 ,已成为我国法庭科学亟待解决的问题。然而 ,DNA鉴定的不断完善 ,还有赖于人类基因组计划。     

我国庭审质证制度的缺陷及理论出路

刑诉法修改以后 ,庭审改革很重要的一个方面是贯彻直接、言词原则 ,质证是庭审改革目标得以实现的关键之一。本文通过对我国庭审质证制度面临的种种不足的分析 ,提出了完善该项制度的几点思考。     

在西部大开发中加快少数民族地区教育改革

西部大开发为进一步发展民族教育提供了机遇,也使民族教育的发展面临新的挑战,民族教育要想更好地推动西部大开发,就必须从教育制度、教育结构、教育内容等方面进行改革.