Aggregation effects on male-to-female arrest rate ratios in New York State, 1972 to 1984

The purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of data aggregation on a specification of the relationship between sex and arrest rate trends. The analysis focuses on the empirical implications when arrest data are aggregated across dimensions that are likely to affect the sex-crime relationship. The data for the analysis consist of 4,119,358 male and female adult arrests in New York State for the 13-year period ending in 1984. Results indicate that race, regional differences, and the legal seriousness of the arrest charge produce significantly different patterns of sex convergence across time. On the basis of these results, we suggest serious limitations in past analyses of female crime rates and in the value of Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data for addressing theoretically relevant questions concerning the social correlates of official crime.     

AHRA does not protect device distributor against copyright claims arising from broadcaster role

In a case of first impression, and one of the few cases interpretingthe statute at issue, a district court in New York City hasheld that the Audio Home Recording Act, 17 USC sections 1001et seq. (‘AHRA’), does not immunize a distributorof digital audio recording devices (DARDs) from copyright liabilitywhen the infringement claims are based on the distributor'sallegedly infringing activity in its simultaneous role as asatellite radio broadcaster. The case illustrates the ambiguousnature of digital transmissions, which can be treated as distributionsof musical works as well as digital performances.     

《一小时的故事》中的人际功能初探

语言的人际功能主要通过语气和情态来进行传达,而情态和时态则是体现人际功能的主要手段。从人际功能当中的情态这个视角来对美国现实主义小说家凯特·肖邦的经典短篇小说《一小时的故事》的文章主题进行解读,探讨女主人露易丝女性意识的觉醒过程,以此来揭示美国女性在男权社会中为了追求自由不得不付出生命的代价来换取的残酷的社会现实。     

猪瘟病毒感染的小型猪体内病毒的复制情况及淋巴细胞变化

用106 TCID50CSFV石门株感染巴马小型猪,通过监测被感染猪的临床体温、观察其病理变化、检测猪瘟病毒在体内的复制情况、检查猪瘟病毒感染后对外周血淋巴细胞增殖的影响,并分析外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞的动态变化,以确定巴马小型猪对CSFV的敏感性。结果,攻毒后第3天被感染的巴马小型猪出现病毒血症,并在第7天就已达到1×106 copies/μL以上;腹股沟淋巴结中病毒含量最高,颌下淋巴结次之。淋巴细胞增殖试验表明,用固定剂量的刀豆素刺激,被感染的巴马小型猪外周血淋巴细胞增殖出现不同程度降低;其外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞的比例降低。结果表明,巴马小型猪可以作为CSFV的感染模型。     

National-State Relations: Cooperative Federalism in the Twentieth Century

Daniel J. Elazar's 1959 Ph.D. dissertation demonstrated conclusivelythe inadequate explanatory value of the theory of dual federalismand the prevalence of cooperative national-state relations inthe period ending in 1913. Congressional employment of totaland partial preemption and coercive regulatory powers since1965 raises the question whether the theory of cooperative federalismexplains fully the functioning of the federal system at thebeginning of the twenty-first century. An examination of national-staterelations reveals that each of the two theories retains a degreeof explanatory value. There is, however, a need for a more generaltheory incorporating elements of these theories and coerciveuse of congressional powers, highlighting the generally cooperativenature of national-state relations, and explaining the continuousreadjustment of the respective powers of Congress and states.     

刑事程序正义与人权保护

刑事诉讼程序的完善是我国刑事司法改革的一个重要环节,程序正义更是重中之重。但从程序正义角度来审视我国当前的刑事诉讼程序,可以发现其中存在着诸多问题。因此,应当从无罪推定、沉默权、律师介入诉讼等方面尽快完善我国的刑事诉讼程序,更好地保障人权。     

保障海洋发展战略改革完善中国特色的海事司法管辖制度

在海洋强国与“一带一路”战略的历史背景下,结合海商法规范的特殊性和关联性特征,在对海事司法管辖实行“三审合一”的历史与现实思考的基础上,分析了建立中国特色的海事司法管辖“三审合一”制度的有利条件和障碍,提出以海法典模式修改《中华人民共和国海商法》,开展海事司法管辖“三审合一”的试点,成立高级海事法院,建立稳定的、专家型的海事审判队伍的建议,进一步完善中国特色的海事司法审判制度,维护我国海洋权益、公平处理海事纠纷,促进海商法与时俱进,进而引导国际新规则.     

试论公诉人举证的方法与策略

庭审改革使公诉人在庭审过程中负有主要的举证责任。为适应这一改革 ,公诉人应根据具体情况和证据状况 ,运用灵活的举证方式和举证策略达到举证目的 ,以实现揭露犯罪、证实犯罪和惩治犯罪的目的。