环境权与人权问题的国际视野

环境权可以视为第一代人权中的生命权、私人生活权、财产权,由此可以促使政府保护生命和财产免受环境侵害,但这会产生人类中心主义问题;作为第二代人权,能够赋予环境质量以同其他经济、社会与文化权利相当的法律地位,使其优先于其他无权利依据的客体,但是很少对这类人权进行司法;作为集体权利有环境保护的意义,例如保护少数族裔文化和土著居民。国际法上环境权作为实体权利还未建立起来,作为程序性权利体现为公众对环境事务的知情权,决策参与权,司法救济权。通过人权保护环境,其优点在于人权与环境权相比是一项确定的权利,人权法院裁判了一些有环保意义的案子,缺点在于与人无关的环境本身的损害得不到保护,无法进行公益诉讼。     

CAN SELF‐CONTROL CHANGE SUBSTANTIALLY OVER TIME? RETHINKING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF‐ AND SOCIAL CONTROL*

The primary goals of this study were to test the long‐term stability thesis of Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) general theory of crime and to examine the relationship between self‐control and social control over time. The data come from a field experiment where the “treatment” consisted of an intentional effort to improve the childrearing behaviors of a sample of caregivers whose children were at high risk of criminal behavior. Caregivers in the control condition were given no such training. The intervention occurred when all subjects were in the first grade (mean age: 6.2 years old), and we have measurements on self‐control and the social control/bond for each subject from grades 6 to 11 (mean ages: 12 to 17 years old). Both a hierarchical linear model and a second‐order latent growth model identified meaningful differences in the growth pattern of self‐control among individuals in the pooled sample and a difference in the growth parameters for self‐control and the social control/bond over time between the treatment and control groups. Both findings are inconsistent with Gottfredson and Hirschi's stability of self‐control hypothesis. The same patterns persisted when different analytic techniques and model specifications were applied, which suggests that the results are not an artifact of measurement error, model specification, or statistical methods. Structural equation modeling using the panel design of the data was better able to disentangle the long‐term relationship between self‐ and social control—a relationship that was found to be more dynamic than previously hypothesized.     

对WTO秘书处地位和作用的重新定位

秘书处在许多不同的领域发挥了作用,例如贸易谈判、贸易协议的实施与管理、争端解决等方面。但令人担忧的是,秘书处的作用被弱化,变得越发唯唯诺诺,这会使WTO失去效率。“车轮”理论要求WTO从两轮机器变成四轮机器,发挥秘书处和总干事的最大功效。     

Mo Yan Speaks About Rural China

WHEN judges in Sweden awarded Mo Yan the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature and he was suddenly thrust into the world’s limelight, he was not sitting in front of the TV waiting for the news, as he doesn’t want his grandson to grow up with TV.     

当代社会主义价值观认同研究

社会主义价值观被中国人民广泛认同是中国共产党取得革命胜利和社会主义建设成就的基础 ,是中国共产党得以长期执政的保证。改革开放后 ,中国共产党的价值认识产生了巨大的飞跃 ,同时 ,社会转型期和经济全球化也使社会主义价值观认同遭遇挑战 ,中国共产党人要继续获得中国人民的广泛认同 ,必须坚持自我价值和社会价值的辩证统一 ,坚持艰苦创业与追求正当利益的辩证统一 ,坚持市场经济原则与党性原则的辩证统一     

WTO贸易政策评审机制: 作用证明价值,挑战尚待回应

WTO贸易政策评审机制在增强各成员方贸易政策的透明度,改善国际贸易环境,减少贸易纠纷等方面发挥了重要的作用。这一机制也面临着一系列挑战,包括成员方数量增加对评审周期的冲击,如何保证发展中国家的利益;区域和双边安排对贸易政策评审机制的冲击,如何加强贸易政策评审,多边谈判和争端解决三大机制的联系和协作等。完善机制的建议包括改变评审周期,对小国进行集体评审,增加评审的人力资源,帮助发展中国家进行能力建设,缩减秘书处报告等。这种评析对我国参与贸易政策评审会有所裨益。     

从全能政治到有限政治: 国家与社会关系的重大调整

市场经济改革和体制内分权所引发的社会转型,客观上要求调整以全能政治干预为特征的国家与社会关系,即从全能政治向有限政治转变。有限政治的主要特征有:党、国家和社会三者间的相对分离性;社会权力多中心化和政治权力的有限性;政治体系的开放性和政治参与的有序性。     

The Price of Success for a Brighter Future

Young pianist Lang Lang acknowledges that he"paid a price for every minute of success."He now hopes to put his fame and money to use by helping other children achieve their musical goals.     

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》逻辑主线新探

"异化主线论"是学术界对《手稿》逻辑主线的流行定位,受此影响,国内学术界还有一改良性提法,即认为《手稿》中存在"人本学异化劳动逻辑"和"客观唯物主义逻辑"两种相互矛盾、截然对立的主线。本文通过对《手稿》文本的解读,批判了以上两种观点,指出《手稿》中贯穿的一条逻辑主线是"新唯物主义实践观"。异化劳动和对象化活动是实践观的两个层面,二者是特殊与一般的关系;可以用一般的实践观说明异化劳动和对象化活动。