法律责任外延探析

我国法理学界对法律责任的外延问题研究较为薄弱,鉴于此,本文便以法律责任的外延为切入点,着重分析了法律责任的三种划分方法,它们的标准分别是,规范法律责任的不同法律部门、特定法律事实对合法权益造成的损害,法律责任的不同承担主体。其中,以“法律部门的不同”为标准对法律责任所作的划分为最重要。就这一划分,作者指出了传统法律责任划分理论在逻辑上的缺陷和价值取向上的偏离,给予了“程序法责任”应有的位置,使程序法责任和实体法责任共同组成法律责任的有机整体。     

重视法理学学习,提高法律综合素养

法理学是以整个法律现象的共同性问题及其规律为研究对象的学科。法律专业学生在学好部门法的同时,要强化其法理学方面的知识、理念,使之成为合格的与法治国家相适应的法律工作者。     

羌族民约的习惯法特征

民约规范是羌族习惯法最重要的组成部分,在羌民的社会生活中扮演着极为重要的角色。首先,羌族民约具有浓郁的民族独特性;其次,相对国家制定法而言具有依赖补充性,它调整着一些国家法没有调整的社会关系,同时,还在国家法虽有触及却难以深入的社会层面裨助国家法得以具体落实;最后,由于民约多为当地的老规矩、“土办法”,易为民众所遵循,具有可执行性。基于此,研究羌族民约,对今天民族地区的立法和执法实践都可以提供一些有益的借鉴。     

人口老龄化的机遇与挑战

今年是国际老人年,人口老龄化已成为一个世界性问题。人口老龄化对社会经济发展既有不利的影响,同时也孕育了巨大的商业机会。本文主要分析中国的人口老龄化不同于其他国家的特点和人口老龄化对我国社会经济发展的挑战以及商业机会,指出通过发展老龄产业,将会创造出新的经济增长点。     

酒精中毒性犯罪及其心理预防

本文从变态心理学、犯罪学的角度,对酒精中毒与犯罪的关系进行了探讨,根据酒精中毒性犯罪形成、发展的特点,提出了有针对性的三种心理预防方法。     

Assessing Violence Risk Among Discharged Psychiatric Patients: Toward an Ecological Approach

This paper draws upon data from the Pittsburgh site of the MacArthur Foundation's Risk Assessment Study, a large-scale study of violence risk among persons discharged from psychiatric hospitals, to examine the effect of the neighborhood context on risk of violence. This paper has two purposes: (1) to assess the extent to which the inclusion of neighborhood characteristics enhances violence prediction models—models that traditionally only include individual-level characteristics; and (2) to assess the consistency of individual level risk factors across different neighborhood contexts. Results indicate that neighborhood poverty has an impact over and above the effects of individual characteristics in identifying cases with violence. These findings support efforts to include neighborhood context in the assessment and management of violence risk among discharged psychiatric patients.     

Interviewing Preschoolers: Comparisons Of Yes/No and Wh- Questions

This study investigated the influence of question format on preschool-aged children's errors, their response accuracy, and their tendency to say I don't know when given non-misleading questions in a neutral, unbiased context. Children (3 to 5 years old) participated in a craft-making session that included a staged accident with two experimenters differing in gender and appearance; the environment also had several distinctive features. One week later children were interviewed about actions, participants, and environment; questions were yes/no format with the veridical response yes (yes questions), yes/no format with the veridical response no (no questions), and specific wh- format questions. Question format substantially influenced children's responses: they were most likely to make errors if asked no questions, and were unlikely to answer either yes/no question with I don't know. In contrast, children spontaneously and frequently said I don't know to wh- questions about content they did not recall (environment), but not about content that was well recalled (actions). Implications of question format for reliability of eyewitness testimony by preschoolers are discussed.     

Authors Index Volume 10

Authors Index

Authors Index Volume 10     

试论包拯的吏治思想

<正> 包拯的吏治思想涉及许多方面,对于为官准则、选人标准及职官监察等都有其独特的见解。包拯对于为官的基本准则做过详细的阐述,他认为:作为国家的官员,“尤须为国家顾惜纲纪也”。应该主动地遵守国家的法纪,服从国家的调遣。“古所谓大臣者,能与天下国家同其休戚也。”如果“计较一小利害,不肯宣力,矧天下利害固有大于此者,朝廷欲谁使哉?”包拯以史为鉴,认为作为国家的官吏必须是“廉勤干事之人”,只有这样的人,才得委以重任。唐州知州赵尚宽,任内勤于政务,很有治绩。包拯十分赞赏,上书皇帝,“请且留再任,若更能招辑户口,特与升陟差遣。”相反,对于缺乏才干,没有治绩的官员,包拯多次上奏皇帝,请给予罢免或转任其它官职。除了对于官吏的治绩要求之外,包拯还对官员品德提出了要求。他认为,官员个人的品德要高,不得利用职权谋取私利。有的官员虽然“身主大计,而乘势贱买所监临富民邸舍。”他贬斥这种人“无廉耻,不可处大位。”对有的官员仅因“多游宴”,包拯也认为“不可”,上书加以弹劾。     

日本刑法中贿赂罪问题研究

<正> 日本刑法初订于明治四十年(1907年)至今发生很大变化,其中分则中变化最大、最为复杂的,则是贿赂罪的有关规定。日本刑法原先规定的贿赂罪,仅含刑法第197条的单纯受贿罪、加重受贿罪和第198条的行贿罪。1947年,经对第197条修改,增加了受托受贿罪和事前受贿罪、第三者供贿罪、事后受贿罪四个罪名。1958年,新增了斡旋受贿和斡旋行贿两罪,完善了没收、追缴贿赂的有关规定。1980年,提高了斡旋受贿等罪的法定刑。在特别法中,又对贿赂罪的主体作了扩大。日本刑法关于贿赂罪的这些细化规定,一方面适应了社会生活的不断变化,标志着基于判例积累而获得的立法成熟;另一方面也是日本学术界关于贿赂罪研究的日益深化的结果,为便于借鉴,本文拟对几个相关问题进行研究