核因子-кB及其在创伤性脑损伤后的作用

核因子-кB是一种具有多向性调节作用的核转录因子。机体受到创伤后,NF-кB被激活,调节多种炎性介质基因转录,引起局部及全身的炎症反应。对NF-кB的有关研究可望用于法医学家对损伤时间的推测。     

Crime Trends in the EU

The paper’s aim is to show to EU policy makers, academics, journalists and the general public what the available information tells us about crime levels, trends in crime and public opinion about crime among Member States. The paper centres on an analysis of current trends on crime levels and trends based on the data available both from victimisation surveys and police statistics. The victimisation survey source is the published data collected in the International Crime Victimisation Survey. A separate analysis based on the Eurobarometer was also carried out. Data on police statistics present two separate sources i.e. the Council of Europe Sourcebook and the crime data published annually by the UK Home Office. These two sources both add considerable value to the raw police statistics by their choice of data, their commentary and their technical explanations and definitions. The paper compares data on three crime types (robbery, domestic burglary and theft of a motor vehicle) across the 15 Member States of the European Union (as in 2003). These three types were selected in line with the priorities of the EU Commission and as types of crime that are a major concern for EU-citizens. The paper has been modified from a report produced by the European Crime prevention network for the EU Directorate of Justice and Home Affairs with the permission of the EU. The members of the network are listed in the appendix.     

现代社会中的人民调解与诉讼

人民调解是除诉讼之外的最主要的纠纷解决方式。人民调解的存在与发展在一定程度上弥补了诉讼在某类纠纷解决上的局限性。通过人民调解与诉讼在成本、功能上的比较,可以看到人民调解不仅能够适应和生存于现代社会,而且与公力救济共同形成了相互竞争、替代补充和弥补局限的多元化纠纷解决机制。人民调解的改革和发展是构建和谐社会纠纷解决机制的不可或缺的资源。     

统一战线在民主与法治建设中的作用

在民主与法治建设中,统一战线发挥了不可替代的作用。本文从12个方面对此作了分析。     

新任期、新环境、新实践--布什连任后的对外战略

布什连任后,受制于美国内外环境的变化,其外交战略目标有所调整,反恐、扩展民主和防范大国崛起成为重要目标,战略目标多元并重的特点更加清晰,对外战略风格也有变化,单边主义相对收敛,现实主义考虑增多。其战略有所得,也有所困。     

渎职犯罪主体研究

通过对我国渎职犯罪主体立法状况的回顾和与部分国家、地区渎职罪立法比较 ,当前我国渎职犯罪主体法律规定的缺陷表现在 :一是刑法对渎职犯罪主体的规定与我国现实国情不符 ,存在较大漏洞 ;二是渎职犯罪法条过于细化 ,条款比较繁琐 ;三是部分法条的犯罪主体与实践中行为主体不符。我国立法应将渎职犯罪的主体规定为国家机关工作人员和其他从事公务的人员 ,同时对现行渎职罪的罪名进行适当修改     

THE DECLINE OF ELITE HOMICIDE

Criminological research consistently shows that interpersonal homicide is largely confined to low-status people. Yet, anthropological and historical materials reveal that in earlier and simpler societies homicide was found throughout the status hierarchy. Using theory developed by Donald Black, I argue that a critical factor in the decline of lethal conflict among social elites is the increased availability of legal means of handling conflict. An implication is that since a focus on modern societies and their developed legal systems yields a limited and even distorted empirical picture of lethal violence, criminologists should strive to formulate theories that are cross-cultural and historical in scope.     

成都市和谐社区建设的调查与思考

胡锦涛总书记指出,要加强城乡基层自治组织建设,从建设和谐社区入手。成都市在和谐社区建设方面取得了可喜的成绩,并形成了一些突出特点。但在如何发挥社区居委会的自治功能方面,还要深入思考,大胆创新,把和谐社区建设不断向前推进。     

首钢搬迁调整战略与实践

一、首钢钢铁业搬迁调整的背景和战略选择首钢始建于1919年。解放后、特别是改革开放以来获得了巨大发展,1994年钢产量达到824万吨,列当年全国第一位,并成为以钢铁业为主,兼营采矿、机械、电子、建筑、房地产、服务业、海外贸易等跨行业、跨地区、跨所有制、跨国经营的大型企业     

Administrative interventions on police shooting discretion: An empirical examination

In August, 1972, the New York City Police Department promulgated administrative shooting guidelines and shooting incident review procedures far more restrictive than former statutory “defense of life” and “fleeing felon” justifications for police shooting. Using a data base that includes all reported New York City police firearms discharges and serious assaults on police between 1971 and 1975, this article examines the effects of the new guidelines and procedures on shooting frequencies, patterns, and consequences.Great decreases in “fleeing felon” shootings, “warning shots,” and shooting-opponent injuries and deaths were found to be associated with the new rules. This change also appeared to have a favorable effect on line-of-duty officer deaths and serious injuries. The implications of these findings are discussed.