结构现实主义外交政策理论的构建与拓展——兼论对理解中国外交政策的启示

基于当下外交政策研究领域所呈现出的理论有效供给不足的局面,国际关系理论界围绕外交政策能否建立简约系统的理论以及结构现实主义外交政策理论是否可行展开了争论。本文对既有争论进行了回顾和梳理,剖析了结构现实主义外交政策理论的必要性与可行性。在此基础上,深入评估了进攻性现实主义、防御性现实主义与新古典现实主义等现实主义理论分支在外交政策理论探索中的进展与不足。同时,本文对结构现实主义外交政策理论的拓展进行了尝试,试图开拓出更加纯粹、有力的理论发展路径,完善结构现实主义外交政策理论的解释力。最后,运用结构现实主义外交政策理论剖析了中国外交存在的规律性现象,并剖析了其在未来外交政策构建中可能得到的体现与拓展。     

From internationalism to the European Union: An ideological change in the Polish post-communist party?

The Polish post-communist party Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, SDRP) which survived almost unchanged in the dynamic Polish political scene of the 1990s was one of the leading political parties after 1989. This paper will attempt to explain the ideological journey, which has been taken by the former high-ranking Polish United Workers' Party members after 1989. Their journey seems to start at the point of internationalism and socialism and ends in the victorious battle to join the European Union. Was this a simple modernized adjustment of the internationalist ideology or an opportunistic choice made in order to survive in the new political and social circumstances? Was choosing a pro-EU policy a choice or a necessity? This analysis will attempt to answer the above questions and describe this phenomenon of change or may be just an ideological continuity.     

Peace and Security in Africa:Opportunities and Challenges for China-Africa Cooperation

This paper seeks to explore some of the security and conflict dimensions of the China-Africa relationship, illustrating what the challenges are, why they are important and what has been done to meet them. Section one provides a brief overview of the different manifestations of conflict and insecurity on the African continent, highlighting that Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) proliferation is a problem that links them all. Section two explores the reasons why China has a stake in the peace and security o...     

Understanding China's Relations with Latin America

This essay deals with the fast growing Sino-Latin American relations,touching upon the issues of the importance of Latin America to China;pros and cons of the bilateral relations;the U.S.factor;the opportunities that might be emerged from the financial crisis for the bilateral relations;China's first policy paper towards the region;the overseas Chinese contribution to the bilateral relations;Taiwan problem;the so-called neo-colonialism and the role of Europe.     

Population data for six X-chromosome STR loci in a Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) sample: Usefulness in forensic casework

This study presents data for the X-chromosome STR loci DXS7133, DXS7424, DXS8378, DXS6807, DXS7423 and DXS8377. In order to establish a database, unrelated individuals (males and females) from Rio de Janeiro were typed for the above loci. No significant differences were observed between allele frequencies in male and female samples (non-differentiation exact P values ≥ 0.156). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested in the female sample and no significant deviations were found. All six markers have shown to be highly polymorphic in our sample with gene diversities varying between 0.6797 for DXS7133, and 0.9260 for DXS8377. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium analysis did not allow discharging a possible association between DXS7133 and DXS7424 alleles in Rio de Janeiro population. Parameters of forensic interest, like PD_M, PD_F, Het_obs, Het_exp, were calculated for each locus. The high discrimination power estimated in both males and females, as well as mean exclusion chance in father/daughter duos and in father/mother/daughter trios, demonstrates the usefulness of these six markers in forensic investigation.     

试论从源头上防治腐败的逻辑进路

从源头上预防和治理腐败是中国特色反腐倡廉建设的主要经验之一,推进此项工作的科学化需要构建其逻辑进路。基于对腐败源头和防治关键点的分析,本文初步构建出反腐败治本抓源头工作的逻辑进路:包括分制权力、限定权力、监督权力和公开权力。相应地,从源头上防治腐败工作可统统归为四个方面的制度建设:权力分解制度建设、权力规范制度建设、权力监督制度建设和政务公开制度建设,使权力的设置更加科学化和规范化,权力的运行更加合法化和透明化。     

公务员调任、转任和升职的转换成本分析

成本学和经济学对企业员工跳槽的转换成本研究逐渐引起了管理学界的重视,但员工跳槽的转换成本研究还不够成熟。公务员调任、转任、升任时也存在转换成本,本文在对企业员工转换成本分类研究的基础上,将公务员的岗位转换成本划分为程序性、利益性与关系性三类,并对其研究意义进行了阐述。     

单位自首正当性根据及其认定

单位犯罪自首问题不论在理论研究还是司法实践中都争议较大。本文从单位自首的理论依据出发,在肯定单位能够构成自首的前提下,基于与自然人自首相比较的视野,对单位自首的构成及司法认定进行了阐述,并认为其他直接责任人员不能当然地代表单位自首、单位不能构成准自首、目的与动机不影响单位自首的认定以及单罚制前提下单位自首也应当被认定,等等。     

Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a Gypsy population from Portugal

We analyzed 17 Y-chromosomal STR loci in a population sample of 126 unrelated Portuguese Gypsies. Fifty three different haplotypes were found, three represented with considerable high frequencies (≥8.7%). The percentage of unique haplotypes (71.2%) was rather low as well as haplotype diversity (94.37%). In the comparison with available Portuguese population data and with those from other Gypsy and general population samples from Bulgaria, Lithuania and Spain, our sample showed significant differences in comparison with the general population data from Portugal, Spain and Bulgaria. Significant differences were observed with Bulgarian Gypsies, but not with the Spanish or Lithuanian groups. The Gypsy populations from Portugal, Spain and Bulgaria were found to be more closely related to each other than with the general population from their own countries.