The assessment of intimate partner violence in Spanish women: the index of spouse abuse

We aimed to analyze the internal consistency and construct validity of the Spanish version of the Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA) in a representative sample of 8,995 women attending general practice in Spain in 2006-2007. The factor structure analysis shows that the ISA measures four intimate partner violence (IPV) dimensions: emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and controlling behavior. Cronbach alpha ranges from .82 (sexual factor) to .94 (emotional). Construct validity analysis shows that IPV is associated with poorer self-perceived health, higher psychological distress, and lower tangible social support. The ISA can help make more visible forms of gender violence in the intimate relationship that sometimes are not recognized as such, like sexual violence or controlling behavior. This can contribute to the development of specific interventions for women experiencing IPV, considering the specificities of the violent acts experienced.     

Scanning electron microscopy as an auxiliary method in the study of exhumed bones

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used in forensic science in many ways. The reports of cases in which SEM has been used as an auxiliary method in the investigation of exhumed bones are rare. In this article, we report an exhumation that was made to determine if a seized weapon could have been used in a homicide. We used SEM to analyze a fracture in the interior of the skull of the victim. The findings described in this article showed us that it is possible to develop new researches in this field.     

中国高龄老人的社会保障问题初探

在人口老龄化的背景下,高龄老人正在成为老年人中增长最快的群体,由此带来对养老保障、医疗保障、精神慰藉等需求越来越强烈。我国古代就有优待高龄老人的文化传统,当前针对高龄老人的社会保障措施还比较缺乏,因此,社会保障制度改革必须重视高龄老人的需要,为他们构建完善的养老金体系、医疗服务体系、养老服务以及精神慰藉体系。     

信息失真对公共政策执行的影响及其对策分析

信息是公共政策执行的重要资源和前提条件。信息失真可能影响政策本身及政策执行的公正性、影响政策解释与政策分解、影响政策的准备与实施。客观环境的动态变化、政策执行主客体的主观偏好、语言障碍、认知差异等是引起政策信息失真的主要原因。对此,本文建议通过建立完善的政策信息响应系统、创新组织架构、提高利益平衡度和信息素养、建立信息畅通的政策执行机制等方式,削减信息失真对公共政策执行的负面影响。     

政府应对网络空间的舆论危机及其治理

政府网络空间的舆论危机是网络社会中政府面临的一个新挑战和新课题,政府部门及各级领导干部必须努力适应时代要求,充分发挥网络空间的优势和作用,为政府和公众之间对话与互信提供契机,从而科学地应对和处置危机,稀释危机风险,以在信息时代重塑政府形象,提高政府公信力。     

中美德突发事件应急指挥组织结构初探

突发事件应对需要集中和动员国家与社会的各种力量与资源,需要强有力的应急指挥体系进行统筹与协调,美国与德国等发达国家在上世纪70-80年代期间制定了适合自己国家应急管理体制的应急指挥体系标准或条例。但我国目前还没有形成应急管理指挥体系标准,这制约了我国应急管理能力的提升。本文在比较中国、美国和德国应急指挥组织结构的基础上,提出了中国规范应急指挥组织结构的政策建议。     

美国公共管理中政府与非政府组织跨组织整合趋势

9.11事件之后,特别是在次贷危机后,美国公共管理发生诸多变化,美国政府由私有化管理的新公共管理思维转变为实用主义主导思维。通过在纽约、西雅图、印第安纳波利斯、华盛顿等市的实地考察,各种证据表明美国政府、企业和社会三方在社会冲突处理中的角色与功能显著增强:一方面,美国政府增强了公共管理和服务的主动性,参与公共事务的范围扩大、程度加深;另一方面加大了对NGO的支持,进一步发挥民间组织的服务功能,因而在公共管理与服务方面呈现出国民共进的综合治理发展趋势。     

推进城市化和城乡统筹发展的几个观念辨析

目前推进城市化和城乡统筹发展中出现了有较大争议的三种观念:计划思维、农村落后城市文明、土地换社保。对此我们提出,改变城乡分割局面、实现城乡统筹,需重塑改革共识,创造制度条件确保城乡统筹发展置于一个开放的演化进程:确保农民在城乡统筹建设的规则设计和规则下的选择两个方面的充分参与和自主性;消除制度歧视和权利差别;促进城乡要素双向流动。     

构建服务型政府问责体系的几个问题

服务型政府已成为中国各级政府的重要目标,而要达成服务型政府的目标,相应地构建起一整套服务型政府的问责体系是其必然路径。我们在探讨服务型政府的问责体系之时,必须从源头探讨制度建设的症结,厘清制度建设过程中的功能预期、价值定位、制度相容、问责范围等前提性问题,构筑我国服务型政府问责体系设计及实施的制度前提。     

Genetic data of 10 X-STRs in a Spanish population sample

In this work, we present population genetic data of 10 X-chromosome STRs (DXS8378, DXS9898, DXS8377, HPRTB, GATA172D05, DXS7423, DXS6809, DXS7132, DXS101 and DXS6789) obtained from sample of 145 unrelated female individuals belonging to Valencia (Spain), a region located in the east of the Iberian Peninsula. All the markers studied present high genetic diversities, similar to those previously reported in other European population samples. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed, with the exception of DXS101 locus. Allele frequencies and parameters of forensic interest for each X-STR were calculated. High mean exclusion chance and power of discrimination values were obtained by combining these 10 X-linked markers. Population comparisons (exact test of population differentiation; pairwise genetic distances) were carried out and low genetic distances were found between our sample and those from other Spanish or European regions.