法律要件分类说与刑事证明责任分配——兼与龙宗智教授商榷

法律要件分类说是民事诉讼中证明责任分配的主流学说,关于该说对刑事证明责任分配适用的可能性,学界一致持基本否定的态度。这种否定态度是因为对证明责任基本概念存在诸多误解造成的。刑事和民事证明责任分配的基本方案,均应建立在对各法律要件进行分类基础之上,只不过各自对法律要件进行分类的具体方法存在重大差别。民事诉讼中以罗森贝克规范说的分类方法为典型代表,而刑事诉讼中法律要件分类的结果则体现为犯罪构成体系。应当从法律要件分类的视角,重新审视我国犯罪构成体系重构问题,从而使刑事证明责任的分配有章可循。     

关于“中国古代因何无版权”研究的几点反思

中国古代因何无版权是一个伪问题,版权属于近代范畴。这个伪问题的提出,是因为把版权制度的功能误解为鼓励创造。理论上,鼓励创造可以属于任何历史范畴。事实上,版权制度的真正功能是维系作品与资本的结合,后者属于近代的产业结构。古代无版权不是中国问题,版权不属于古代的范畴。许多研究成果在解答这个伪问题时夸大了文化解释的作用,而且在文化解释的过程中以经典引述代替社会现实分析的现象比较突出,对中国传统文化的解读亦存在诸多误区。中国古代因何无版权之问与答均值得反思。     

电子取证的法律规制

电子取证在世界范围内得到了日益广泛的运用,同时也引发了一系列的法律问题。本文从电子取证的基本含义切入,采取交叉研究的方法,指出我国的电子取证实务应当遵循一个抽象的司法程序模型。在此基础上,本文阐述了我国的电子取证在规制方式、规制原则与规制内容等方面遭遇的法律挑战,并逐一深入地论证了亟待采取的法律因应措施。     

Results of the 2008 Colombian paternity testing quality control exercise

The Reference National Laboratory, Genes Ltda, designated by the Commission of Accreditation and Alertness created by Law 721 of 2001 of Republic of Colombia, organized and coordinated the Quality Control Exercise of 2008 for laboratories undertaking paternity and maternity tests with DNA markers. The Quality Control Exercise included both practical and theoretical exercises. For the practical exercise, three blood samples in FTA Classic Card were sent to each participating laboratory to be genotyped for DNA markers using the routine methodologies in their laboratories. For the theoretical exercise, it was asked to the participating laboratories to calculate the partial and final paternity indexes based on two genetic profiles of an alleged biological father and his son. Allele frequencies were made available to the participants, as well as Y chromosome haplotype database. A total of 12 laboratories have participated with data from 57 STRs, including autosomal and sex chromosome markers. Consensus was found in 37 STRs, 21 in autosomes and 16 Y chromosome linked. The rate of reporting errors was 3.1% (concentrated in just one laboratory). The theoretical exercise had consensus.     

Assessment of the cause and mode of death of victims of a mass industrial accident in the Halemba coal mine

On 21 November 2006 in the Halemba coal mine, Ruda ?l?ska, a mass industrial accident occurred. The underground catastrophe was probably due to combustion of methane followed by explosion of pulverised coal and resulted in death of twenty-three miners. The occurrence has been acknowledged to be one of the most serious accidents in Polish mining industry. Post-mortem examinations of the deceased were carried out in Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, and in some cases additional dissecting techniques were employed. Photographs were taken as well as numerous specimens for various laboratory tests were collected. Toxicological analyses of blood samples revealed high levels of carboxyhaemoglobin saturation in seventeen cases, and detected presence of methane in the lungs of seven individuals, whereas microscopic specimens mainly showed lesions characteristic of putrefaction. The post-mortem procedures eventually allowed to establish the cause of death of all victims. The authors attempt to determine a range of requisite medico-legal proceedings and examinations that should be carried out in case of a mass industrial accident, and emphasise the need for development of appropriate guidelines.     

试论转型时期的大众传媒与公共政策

我国大众传媒在政策过程中担当着议题建构者、民意代言人、政策宣讲者及监督者的角色。但是不论是从参与政策过程的范围,还是从政策过程中发挥的作用来说,它都只是有限度的参与政策过程。随着我国社会转型的推进,处在行政隶属关系与市场利益机构双重利益结构制约之中的大众传媒,也面临着从高度政治化和组织化的传媒体制和传统向企业经营模式与理念的变迁,在技术、经济、社会和政治层面都发生了巨大的变化,客观上也促进了我国公共政策制定过程中的科学化与民主化水平。     

公共部门组织承诺的实证研究——基于对311名公共部门员工的问卷调查分析

本文分析了公共部门组织承诺(Public Sector Organizational Commitment,简称PSOC)的内涵、结构与测量变量,建立PSOC测量量表,对分布在多个省市的311名政府部门、事业单位和社会团体等机构工作人员进行了问卷调查,从实证的角度研究分析了我国PSOC水平及其与前因变量、后果变量之间的影响关系,揭示POSC的影响因子,为公共部门组织与人力资源管理提供有益的研究结论。     

整体性政府与大部门体制:行政改革的理念辨析

在对传统官僚体制进行反思及变革的过程中,整体性政府和大部门体制作为两种不同的政府运行模式,对行政改革提出了各自的理念、价值与发展路径。本文探寻了整体性政府所追求的整体性价值、协同的组织结构、跨部门的工作机制,进而分析了大部门体制的内部化的逻辑。从两种理念的内在机理对其进行了比较和分析,提出在当前行政改革中应注重行政职能的转变、强调整体性文化和价值的塑造、完善沟通协调机制,更好地促进大部门体制改革的进展。     

长株潭试验区管理机构设置研究

建设长株潭城市群试验区,是国家在新的发展阶段促进中部崛起、推动东中西部地区协调发展的重大战略举措;是湖南形成长远竞争力、培育核心增长极、加快富民强省步伐的重大历史机遇;也是新时期赋予湖南人民的重大历史使命。其间,破解制约科学发展的管理体制机制障碍,科学设置长株潭试验区的管理机构,是加快长株潭试验区建设和发展的关键。为此,文章借鉴国内外城市群(区域)管理的模式和经验,结合长株潭城市群的实际,提出了长株潭试验区管理机构设置的重要前提、基本原则和主要方案。     

行政公平的基本涵义和内在意蕴

在当下的时代语境中,对行政公平的内涵进行深入研究,具有较为重要的学术价值和实践启发意义。公共行政在其核心主体、本质要求、价值属性、公民权利、公共政策、行政行为和基本维度等方面凸显着行政公平的基本涵义。公共行政的公共性理论、委托代理理论、善治理论涵摄出行政公平的内在意蕴。