The European 2030 climate and energy package: do domestic strategy adaptations precede EU policy change?

The European Union’s 2030 climate and energy package introduced fundamental changes compared to its 2020 predecessor. These changes included a stronger focus on the internal market and an increased emphasis on technology-neutral decarbonization while simultaneously de-emphasizing the renewables target. This article investigates whether changes in domestic policy strategies of leading member states in European climate policy preceded the observed changes in EU policy. Disaggregating strategic change into changes in different elements (goals, objectives, instrumental logic), allows us to go beyond analyzing the relative prioritization of different goals, and to analyze how policy requirements for reaching those goals were dynamically redefined over time. To this end, we introduce a new method, which based on insights from social network analysis, enables us to systematically trace those strategic chances. We find that shifts in national strategies of the investigated member states preceded the shift in EU policy. In particular, countries reframed their understanding of supply security, and pushed for the internal electricity market also as a security measure to balance fluctuating renewables. Hence, the increasing focus on markets and market integration in the European 2030 package echoed the increasingly central role of the internal market for electricity supply security in national strategies. These findings also highlight that countries dynamically redefined their goals relative to the different phases of the energy transition.

     

Crisis vs.Crisistunity

When Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao visited Europe recently,he mentioned a word that means one thing to the Chinese,and another to English-speaking people,with significant differences in nuance and implication.The word he     

Put to the Test

Divisions between "Old" and "New" Europe emerge ahead of G20 summi The recent debt crisis in Central and Eastern Europe has split the continent,     

联合国《到2000年及其后世界青年行动纲领》实施十周年(1995～2004)特别调查:中国青年发展报告

前言中国青年是一个规模巨大的群体。2003年人口变动抽样调查数据显示,全国14至29岁青年共有3.11亿人,14至35岁青年共有4.65亿人。本报告在《到2000年及其后世界青年行动纲领》通过10周年之际,综述中国青年的状况。1995年至2004年是中国改革开放和现代化建设进程中十分重要的10     

The Effect of Image Quality and Forensic Expertise in Facial Image Comparisons

Images of perpetrators in surveillance video footage are often used as evidence in court. In this study, identification accuracy was compared for forensic experts and untrained persons in facial image comparisons as well as the impact of image quality. Participants viewed thirty image pairs and were asked to rate the level of support garnered from their observations for concluding whether or not the two images showed the same person. Forensic experts reached their conclusions with significantly fewer errors than did untrained participants. They were also better than novices at determining when two high‐quality images depicted the same person. Notably, lower image quality led to more careful conclusions by experts, but not for untrained participants. In summary, the untrained participants had more false negatives and false positives than experts, which in the latter case could lead to a higher risk of an innocent person being convicted for an untrained witness.     

Highlights of CAFIU＇s International Exchanges （From March to May 2008）

March
（1） March 3, CAFIU Secretary-General Mr. Xu Jianguo met with the delegation headed by Mr. Nakata Sen,Chief Director of NPO Corporation Sekai, Japan.     

Central America and Mexico gang assessment

Rising crime is threatening democratic development and slowing economic growth across Central America and Mexico. Gang activity has transcended the borders of Central America, Mexico, and the United States and evolved into a transnational concern that demands a coordinated, multi-national response to effectively combat increasingly sophisticated criminal gang networks.     

论侵权案件的美国现代法律选择方法(英文)

INTRODUCTION American conflict of laws rules originated from the traditional private international law. Obviously the first restatement of conflict of laws is such a follower.However,what can be concluded from numerous reported eases is that due to the inflexibility of the connecting factor in the contests of the traditional theory,judges are inclined to introduce various rules e.g.ren- voi,characterization for the purpose to achieve ease justice.In certain eases,following the provisions of the first res...     

Address at the Opening Ceremony of ＂ the Seminar on China-Europe and New World Order＂

Today, the 7^th Sino-German Security Dialogue-- the Seminar on ＂China-Europe and New World Order＂ jointly sponsored by IDCPC, CAFIU and FES opens in Beijing. On behalf of .CAFIU, I＇d like to express warm welcome to Mr. Kolbow, Ambassador Michael Schaefer, and all foreign and Chinese participants. I＇d also like to thank all present here for your solicitude for and support to the seminar and your efforts to promote the relations between China and Germany and relations between the CPC and SPD.     

The Power of Unity

ASEAN reaffirms its commitment to regional integration with its new charter The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Charter came into force at the Special ASEAN Foreign Ministers' Meeting in