东亚的创新文化与创新政策

东亚经济的崛起和快速发展引起了世界的关注。这一发展背后掩藏着什么,其发展是否与东亚经济的创新有关联,一直以来备受争议。本文通过行为取向、经济制度化形式和国家的创新政策,研究东亚形成了怎样的创新文化以及不同国家或地区创新文化的异同。作者认为,在创新行为前提条件相近的情况下,东亚各国或地区的创新途径各     

东南亚视野下的历史、文化与区域:地方文学

过去,学者往往不会从文本角度研究早期东南亚文学。例如,为验证碑铭涉及的文献信息而研究碑铭:比如证明碑铭中的事件是与其他铭文、记录或外国材料中的相关信息相符的。对历史学家而言,文献研究是一项关键性活动,但这不是文本研究。文本研究并不急于从文字转向现实世界。被视为文本的文字向研究者展现的是语言而非文本之外的事件。     

Quantification of human mitochondrial DNA using synthesized DNA standards

Successful mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) forensic analysis depends on sufficient quantity and quality of mtDNA. A real-time quantitative PCR assay was developed to assess such characteristics in a DNA sample, which utilizes a duplex, synthetic DNA to ensure optimal quality assurance and quality control. The assay's 105-base pair target sequence facilitates amplification of degraded DNA and is minimally homologous to nonhuman mtDNA. The primers and probe hybridize to a region that has relatively few sequence polymorphisms. The assay can also identify the presence of PCR inhibitors and thus indicate the need for sample repurification. The results show that the assay provides information down to 10 copies and provides a dynamic range spanning seven orders of magnitude. Additional experiments demonstrated that as few as 300 mtDNA copies resulted in successful hypervariable region amplification, information that permits sample conservation and optimized downstream PCR testing. The assay described is rapid, reliable, and robust.