武装部队在东南亚国家政治舞台上的作用

過去,暴力形式的革命,常常会導致軍人的独裁。凱撒推翻罗马共和政體,法國革命給拿破崙的崛起铺平了道路,这就是一些古时候的例子。第二次大战后的十五年來,东南亚各國一直進行着政治、经济和社会革命。在這个地区的各国,他們已經完成或將要政治革命,即獲得民族的独立。可是在经济革命和社会革命方面却还沒有完全達到目的。     

Gender,resistance and land: interlinked struggles over resources and meanings in South Asia

This article examines the nature of women's resistance to gender inequities in resource distribution and ideological representation. It argues that to understand how women perceive these inequities it is necessary to take into account not only their overt protests but also the many covert forms their resistance might take. At the same time, to significantly alter gendered structures of property and power it appears necessary to move beyond 'individual-covert' to 'group-overt' (organized collective) resistance. These issues are examined here especially in the context of women's struggles for land rights and gender equality in South Asia. Although historically South Asian women have been important participants in peasant movements, these movements have not been typified by women demanding independent land rights or contesting iniquitous gender relations within the movements and within their families. Some recent challenges in this direction indicate that attaining gender equality in the distribution of productive resources will require a simultaneous struggle against constraining ideological constructions of gender, including (in many regions) associated social practices such as purdah. And in both types of struggle (namely concerning resources and gender ideologies), group-overt resistance is likely to be of critical importance.     

马克思论国家、法和人的相互关系

<正> 马克思关于国家、法和人的相互关系的唯物主义观点的形成马克思在研究关于社会的辩证唯物主义科学原理时,十分重视国家、法和人的相互关系问题。他从现实的实际情况出发,根据人们的生活活动和行为的特点来探讨达个问题。他在《德意志意识形态》一书中强调指出:"我们开始要谈的前提并不是任意想出来的,它们不是教条,而是一些只有在想像中才能加以抛开的现实的前提。这是一些现实的个人,是他们的活动和他们的物质生活条件,包括他们得到的现成的和由他们自己的活动所创造出来的物质生活条件"。他指出了物质生