发展中国对外文化贸易的战略视野

中国文化产业要确立“走出去”的方针,在直接参与全球化竞争、扩大国际文化市场占有率的过程中,增强自身的国际竞争力。其关键是:1、创作和研发出大批既代表中国民族文化、又为国际文化市场所欢迎、具有自主知识产权的优秀产品;2、促进现代科技与文化创意的结合,以科技含量高、文化含量高、服务质量高的“三高”产品,在国际文化市场上占有一席之地;3、建立一套经常调整的、重在促进对外文化贸易的法律和政策,以体制创新来积累竞争优势。此外,中国文化产业还要大力拓展对外贸易渠道,利用文化商品出口,扩大服务贸易。     

法人被判徒刑一例

<正> 在美国佛吉尼亚州的一位联邦法官罗拔·杜马尔先生于1988年8月31日科处阿里根奈装瓶公司不同寻常的刑罚时说:"监狱并不是由四座石壁造成的"。这位法官因被告人公司参与实施一项划一定价的阴谋计划而判处该公司罚金1,000,000美元并科该公司有期徒刑三年。把一家公司投入监狱在人们的心目中还是判无前例的。上述定罪科刑判决是在美国司法     

日本行政法对法人的刑事处罚及其学理解释

<正> 日本在许多行政法规中规定对法人实施刑事处罚。例如《法人违反租税法规例证》(明治33年,法律52号)第一条规定,"法人的代表者或其雇用人员及其他人员就法人的业务违反租税法规,对法人适用各法规规定的罚则;但共罚则有应处罚款、罚金以外的刑罚的规定时,处法人三百日圆以下的罚金"。此后,有的行政法规规定准予援用这一法律,有的设同样规定。六十年代以后,既处罚法人代表也处罚法人的两罚规定增多。     

Corporate crime: State-owned enterprises in China

Conclusion A decade ago, the Chinese leadership frankly acknowledged that the model of a fully planned economy, with its system of state-owned and state-run enterprises, was what Lenin had called a bureaucratic dream. 86 Today, state-owned enterprises are enjoying far more freedom to operate, and the state is trying to control them with more law and fewer plans. The use of criminal law to confront corporate crime is part of the effort to import advanced management methods from the West. Nonetheless, in the context of state ownership and Party leadership, the appropriateness of this approach is questionable.The Company Law is a new instrument to bring about fundamental changes in China's system of business organizations. These changes will help determine the scope and limits of criminal law, as applied to corporate enterprises, in the next decade. In this context, I would suggest replacing the concept ofdanwei crime with the concept of corporate or company (gongsi) crime; distinguishing thosefaren that can independently bear criminal liability from those that cannot; and clearly defining the elements of corporate offenses. Corporate criminal liability is a concept applicable when the corporation not only commits the crime but also has the legal capacity to be liable in its own right. Individual liability is still the sole principle applicable to a government agency, even if the crime is collectively committed.Given the historic context of China's socioeconomic reform, criminal law reform can advance only gradually. To insure that Western concepts fit the Chinese setting, lawmakers must make certain that every new criminal statute or regulation is enforceable even where enterprises remain closely interconnected with the state and decision-makers in publicly owned enterprises are mainly appointees of the state.I gratefully acknowledge the invitation of Daniel Prefontaine, Director of the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and of the Hon. Josiah Wood of the British Columbia Court of Appeal, to present an earlier version of this essay at the eighth international conference of the Society for the Reform of Criminal Law, Hong Kong, December 4–8, 1994. Thanks are also due to Madeleine Sann, Director of Publication,Criminal Law Forum, for her excellent editorial comments.Postgraduate Diploma of Legal Studies, ECIPSL 1984, LL.M., Shanghai Academy of Social Science 1985; Ph.D. candidate, Simon Fraser University.     

论《外资金融机构管理条例实施细则》的修订

随着我国银行业的进一步对外开放和监管法律框架的不断完善,为促进外资金融机构的安全、健康发展,我国对原《外资金融机构管理条例实施细则》进行修订和完善。本文从新《细则》的修订入手,通过比较我国和美国监管法的不同,论述了新《细则》修订的必要性、科学性及前瞻性。     

从收继婚风俗看明代的律例

明代的律例严格禁止收继婚，可是，严厉的法律不但没有根除收继婚，收继婚反而作为社会一种风俗习惯而普遍存在。为什么法律严格禁止却根除不了收继婚?为什么收继婚普遍存在而法律却显得苍白无力?这其中有政府对法律推行不力的原因，也有传统风俗习惯沉积的原因，更有伦理道德方面的因素。用法律去禁止近乎人情和社会基本认同的事情，固然有移风易俗方面的功效，但法律的公正性和严肃性必然要受到挑战，而有禁不止所带来的副作用，更合使法律的尊严受到破坏。     

试论案件侦查中的“习惯“

侦查人员要善于了解、掌握习惯的特性及种类,并为侦查活动所用。本文主要从习惯的特性、种类及意义三个方面对习惯进行了研究,对侦查实践具有一定的理论指导价值。     

试论我国行政法院制度建构

行政法院制度起源于西方大陆法系国家并在这些国家得到了发展完善,其中以法国行政法院和德国行政法院为代表。我国引进行政法院制度,有利于建设法治国家体系、保证行政审判独立和高效解决行政纠纷。为此目的,基于国情,我国行政法院制度的建构既将有别于法国模式和德国模式,也将有别于我国普通法院制度。     

论农村土地制度的变迁

注重经济政策的调整而忽视农村土地制度的创新 ,可能是我国农业不能长期稳定增长的症结所在。文章先提出一个产权分析框架 ,揭示产权的基本内涵、主要功能以及产权制度的变迁 ;然后用这一框架分析我国农村土地制度的具体特征 ;最后 ,提出农民拥有自由转让的土地产权与坚持农村土地集体所有制是不矛盾的 ;土地规模经营的实现只能建立在产权流转的基础之上 ,当前应努力为土地产权流转创造有利条件。     

中国TBT法律体系构建与完善研究

TBT是当今国际贸易中最隐蔽、最难突破的一种贸易壁垒,已成为继配额、原产地和反倾销措施之后,影响中国对外贸易的又一项重要的非关税壁垒。中国作为WTO的成员国,应从WTO相关规则出发,提出构建与完善中国TBT法律体系的理论思考与现实探寻。