药物遗传学在法医学中的应用前景

人类因为基因的差异而表现出对某种药物、毒物、外界有害的化学物质、过敏原作出不同的反应.这种遗传背景的差异使一些人可以快速地清除这些物质,而另一些人却因此产生严重的不良反应.甚至死亡.药物遗传学和药物基因组学,通过对人类基因组测序和大规模基因组多态性的鉴别研究,诠释了个体遗传差异与对药物毒物不同反应之间的关系,这为该类案件的法医学鉴定提供了新的理论基础和研究手段.     

Comprehensive analyses for genetic diversities of 19 autosomal STRs in Chinese Kazak group and its phylogenetic relationships with other continental populations

Short tandem repeats (STRs) play an essential role in forensic genetics due to their high degree of polymorphisms, wide distributions and easy detection method. In this study, allelic frequencies and forensic statistical parameters of the 19 autosomal STR loci in a Kazak ethnic group were calculated, and its genetic relationships with reference populations were assessed in order to understand population structure better and enrich population genetic data for forensic practice in Chinese Kazak ethnic group. There were 226 identified alleles with the corresponding allelic frequencies ranging from 0.0008 to 0.5295 in the 628 unrelated healthy Kazak individuals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. All autosomal STRs were conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni’s correction. The cumulative power of discrimination and the combined probability of exclusion of all the 19 autosomal STRs were 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 997 162 and 0.999 999 994 484, respectively. Furthermore, the D_A distances and Fixation index values of pairwise populations, principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis, phylogenetic tree analysis and structure analysis were conducted to probe the genetic relationships between the Kazak group and other reference populations. The population genetic results showed that these 19 autosomal STR loci were characterised by high genetic diversities in the Kazak group. Furthermore, the studied Kazak group had close genetic relationships with the Uyghur group and the Uzbek group. The present results may facilitate understanding the genetic background of the Chinese Xinjiang Kazak group.     

完善我国重大疫情预防和预警机制研究——基于国家治理现代化的要求对疫情初期应对的分析

2020伊始至今仍在肆虐全世界的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情,是人类社会近百年来公共卫生领域最为严峻的危机事件。当前,我国已进入防止大规模疫情反复的抗疫“下半场”,有必要在总结前一阶段抗疫成效和经验的基础上,立足于国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的视角,着眼于构建中国特色社会主义的党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与、法治保障的公共治理格局,以风险管理为抓手推进重大疫情预防运行机制建设、以体系有效运转为目标做好重大疫情信息收集和归并、以专业化要求进行预警决策,进一步完善我国重大疫情的预防和预警运行机制,不断健全我国公共卫生应急管理体制。     

居住证制度对家庭化迁移的政策效应与影响机制研究北大核心CSSCISSCI

作为城市户籍管控与流动人口民生之间的缓冲剂,居住证制度对家庭化迁移具有现实政策效应。运用逻辑回归模型和PSM方法,根据2017年京津冀地区的流动人口动态监测数据,深入剖析居住证制度影响家庭化迁移的作用机理。结果表明:居住证制度对家庭化迁移具有直接的政策效应;以健康档案、健康教育为代表的基本公共服务在居住证制度对家庭化迁移的影响中具有中介作用;家庭生命周期在居住证制度对家庭化迁移的影响中发挥着调节作用,从家庭形成期到扩张期再到萎缩期,居住证制度影响效应呈现出先变大后减小的阶段性特征。为稳步提高流动人口家庭化迁移的规模与质量,可从居住证制度、基本公共服务供给角度入手,完善相关政策满足流动人口家庭化迁移需求:转变政策理念,推动居住证制度变迁;遵循便民原则,提高居住证可及性;坚持需求导向,建立分类分层、主体多元的公共服务供给模式。     

工会推进工资集体协商的若干关键问题

工会是推进工资集体协商的重要力量.工会在进行协商时,需要讲求正确的协商策略,掌握足够资料,做好充分准备,才能为劳动者争取到更大利益.同时,工会自身建设以及提高工会干部的专业化素质也是获得工资集体协商成功的关键因素.