浅议先合同义务

缔约过失责任制度是由德国法学家耶林提出并被誉为法学上的重要发现,对各国的立法和判例法都产生了深远的影响。先合同义务作为缔约过失责任的首要构成要件,对契约生效前契约双方的权利、义务的界定,以及对正确掌握缔约过失责任成立的时间段、缔约过失责任的性质等具有重要的意义。     

环境权实现方式探析

环境权的提出和发展透视了环境问题日趋严重的事实,思考环境权的实现具有现实意义,尤其是在综合分析世界主要国家立法情况的基础之上,对环境权加以必要界定,既而厘清环境权与人权的关系,并借助传统权利、程序权利(如公众参与权利)、义务规定和人权法律最终实现环境权。     

Bribery and Public Debt Repudiation

In cases where policy makers accept ``bribes'' offered by organised lobbies or interestedparties, government decisions can be modelled as a first price menu auction. In this paper we adaptthis structure to model debt repudiation. We considera one-period model in which two generations, parents and children, are present, and debt titles are unevenlydistributed among parents. The government can repaythe debt by a combination of taxes on the children'sincome and on the outstanding debt. We excludeintergenerational conflicts, assuming that the parents'and children's objective is to maximise the utility ofthe family. In this perspective, families make offersthat relate monetary contributions to the taxstructures chosen by the government. On the hypothesisthat all interests are represented, we obtain theresult that the government is indifferent to the taxstructure.     

An analysis of the neighborhood impacts of a mortgage assistance program: A spatial hedonic model

Down payment or closing cost assistance is an effective program in addressing the wealth constraints of low‐and moderate‐income homebuyers. However, the spillover effect of such programs on the neighborhood is unknown. This paper estimates the impact of the City of Dallas Mortgage Assistance Program (MAP) on nearby home values using a hedonic model of home sales from 1990 to 2006. We define neighborhoods of 1,000 feet around each sale and estimate the average differences in sales prices between neighborhoods with various numbers of MAP properties before and after their appearance. We find that MAP properties tend to locate in neighborhoods with lower property values; however, unless a concentration of MAP properties forms, the infusion of MAP properties has little detrimental impact on neighboring property values. Moreover, low concentration of MAP properties has a modest positive impact on surrounding property values. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

Contribution of parkland trees to farmers’ livelihoods: a case study from Mali

Native species of trees and shrubs contribute significantly to farmers' livelihoods by supplying food, medicinal products, fodder, and wood. In the case study reported in this article, this contribution to farmers' annual revenue varied from 26 per cent to 73 per cent, and was as high as US$ 650 a year for households for which agroforestry products were the primary source of revenue. Household consumption was not quantified in the study, but farmers' comments confirmed that native trees also played an important role in assuring food security, especially in the ‘hunger period’ when grain stores are low and farmers are waiting for the next harvest.     

A Case of Nonfatal Intoxication Associated with the Recreational use of Diphenidine

Diphenidine is a dissociative drug that shows several psychotropic effects including euphoria, shifts in perception of reality, hallucinations, and transient anterograde amnesia. In this study, a case of acute intoxication occurring after diphenidine intake is reported. A 30‐year‐old Caucasian male was hospitalized after he was found in a confused and agitated state and unable to communicate. The physical examination displayed tachycardia, miotic pupils, and increased both body temperature and respiratory rate. After a liquid–liquid extraction procedure, GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of diphenidine in plasma and urine at concentrations of 308 and 631 ng/mL, respectively. Methylphenidate and diclazepam were also detected in the plasma. The clinical progress of the patient was favorable, and his symptoms were cured with a symptomatic treatment. The combined circumstantial elements and toxicological results of the case reported revealed the occurrence of an acute intoxication ascribable to the recreational abuse of diphenidine.     

Insects found on a human cadaver in central Italy including the blowfly Calliphora loewi (Diptera, Calliphoridae), a new species of forensic interest

In the case of unidentified bodies the estimation of the period since death or of the season of death plays an important role to focus the attention on a reduced number of people among the ones reported missing. Forensic entomology can be one of the most important methods for these estimations, as occurred in this case. Flies are typically the first insects to colonize a dead body. The case reported here concerns the colonisation by insects of a male body in advanced decay found during the winter in Central Italy. This case is of particular interest as few data are available on the entomological evidence in the cold season. In particular, in this case we recovered Calliphora loewi (Calliphoridae), a species never collected before on dead bodies in Southern Europe. Larvae of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Stratiomyidae), pupae and larvae belonging to genus Hydrothea (Muscidae), and Necrobia rufipes (Cleridae) specimens were also collected. The estimated PMI enabled identification of the cadaver, confirmed by DNA analysis.     

刚柔并济——公安机关处理群体性事件研究

伴随着改革开放的深入和经济发展取得举世瞩目成就的同时,我国体制与社会转型所带来的不同利益群体的矛盾和冲突,使我国进入了社会矛盾的高发期,群体事件不断发生,且呈愈演愈烈之势。公安机关作为维护社会稳定的重要力量,在群体性事件的处理过程中具有举足轻重的地位。如何完善公安机关在群体性事件发生的整个过程中的处理机制,是目前我国亟待解决的一个问题。     

建立警察公共关系危机预警机制的构想

警察组织工作的特殊性,使得警察公共关系危机处于一种潜伏的状态,且成为一种社会常态,而各领域各层次的问题错综交织,都有可能成为公关危机发生的导火索,警察组织一味被动地应对警察公共关系危机只会使得警察组织公关更加被动。预防管理理论告诉我们：预防是战胜危机的第一法宝。科学构建中国特色警察公共关系危机的预警机制,是时代发展的呼...