IL-1β和TNF-α在大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤中的作用

目的观察大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤后IL-1β和TNF-α蛋白表达的时序性变化,探讨其在大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤（diffuse axonal injury,DAI）中的作用。方法 55只健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、手术对照组和DAI组,采用HE、Gless氏嗜银染色和免疫组织化学（SP法）观察不同时间（30min～7d）脑干组织病理学改变及IL-1β和TNF-α蛋白的表达情况。结果 HE染色显示DIA大鼠脑干组织结构疏松、水肿,Gless氏嗜银染色可见轴索肿胀、扭曲、收缩球形成等改变,证明弥漫性轴索损伤模型成功;IL-1β和TNF-α在正常对照组与假手术组大鼠脑干神经元内有低表达,而在DAI后30min～6h大鼠脑干神经元和小胶质细胞内表达迅速增加,于6h达高峰。结论大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤后IL-1β和TNF-α蛋白在脑干内表达的增加,与轴索继发性损伤有关。     

职务犯罪预防的权力控制机制研究

职务犯罪源自权力的滥用,而滥用权力者,无不是为了满足其本能的物欲、情欲与权欲。既然人类不能,也无法消除欲望,只有通过、内在和外在的约束,对其加以控制。伴随着社会加剧转型,熟人社会强有力的内在道德的约束已经不再可靠,而逐步建立起适应陌生人社会的,以公民权利、公共权力和社会权力制约公共权力的机制．已经成为现代社会防止权力腐败和职务犯罪发生的选择。     

电子证据中的同一认定研究

随着计算机技术和网络的广泛运用,以电子数据为主要形式的电子证据作为新型的诉讼证据,越来越受到学术界的重视。电子证据与其他物证一样,具有客体特征的特定性、稳定性及反映性。对电子证据开展同一认定研究,对于认定网络黑客、高智商罪犯、木马发布者、电子图文制作者,具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

膜攻击复合物对继发性脑损伤的影响

脑损伤后普遍存在的炎性反应激活补体并通过多种途径导致和加重继发性脑损伤。膜攻击复合物具有直接破坏血脑屏障、促使红细胞溶解、促进释放细胞因子、氧自由基和金属基质蛋白、加剧炎症反应的生物特性,从而加重继发性脑损伤。本文对膜攻击复合物造成继发性脑损伤的研究进行综述,希望能对相关研究和法医学鉴定提供参考。     

Messenger RNA Profiling for Forensic Body Fluid Identification： Research and Applications

Identifying the origin of body fluids left at a crime scene can give a significant insight into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link betw een sample donors and actual criminal acts. How ev-er, the conventional body fluid identification methods are prone to various limitations, such as time con-sumption, intensive labor, nonparallel manner, varying degrees of sensitivity and limited specificity. Re-cently, the analysis of cell-specific messenger RNA expression （mRNA profiling） has been proposed to supplant conventional methods for body fluid identification. Since 2011, the collaborative exercises have been organized by the European DNA Profiling Group （EDNAP ） in order to evaluate the robustness and reproducibility of mRNA profiling for body fluid identification. The major advantages of mRNA profil-ing, compared to the conventional methods, include higher sensitivity, greater specificity, the ability of detecting several body fluids in one multiplex reaction, and compatibilitywith current DNA extraction and analysis procedure. In the current review ,we provided an overview of the present know ledge and detection methodologies of mRNA profiling for forensic body fluid identification and discussed its possi-ble practical application to forensic casew ork.     

X-ray mapping technique: a preliminary study in discriminating gunshot residue particles from aggregates of environmental occupational origin

The possibility of detection of lead-antimony-barium aggregates from non-firearm sources is confirmed according to the tests performed on brake pads, and firework and automobile workers. Moreover, information on particles taken from cartridge cases shows the relative feeble importance of the morphology in distinguishing gunshot residues (GSRs). Furthermore, also the presence in the spectrum of other elements (e.g., iron) is not so conclusive. In this panorama, the possibility of discriminating gunshot residue particles from other non-firearm lead-antimony-barium aggregates is investigated: the proposed method is based on X-ray mapping technique--currently applied used in Reparto Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche in Rome, the forensic service of Italian Carabinieri--according to which the spatial distribution of the emission energy of each element of the sample is pictured. Gunshot residues present the same lead-antimony-barium distribution (or at least the same antimony-barium distribution with lead nodules), as some other environmental occupational aggregates do not (different plaques of lead, antimony, and barium). So, X-ray mapping technique can offer a new fundamental evaluation parameter in analysis of gunshot residues with scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive (SEM/EDS) spectrometry, and new standards could be considered.     

恢复性司法视域中的反腐败追逃追赃国际合作

我国反腐败斗争取得压倒性胜利,但形势依然严峻复杂。以《联合国反腐败公约》为基础,通过劝返和域外追诉等方式,使很多外逃腐败分子回国接受审判,追缴回了很多赃款。然而我国现阶段适用这两种方式进行反腐败追逃追赃工作时,面临缺乏强力的法律支撑和顺畅的国际合作等难题。我国应当在相关法律,特别是《刑事诉讼法》《监察法》中认可“恢复性司法”的理念和模式,充分利用劝返模式的优势,减少域外追诉的负担。此外,在法律制度层面认可恢复性司法,可增进世界其他国家对我国反腐败法律制度的了解,增强我国在反腐败国际合作中的话语权。     

从亲子鉴定的问题看标准化规范化管理的重要性

近年来,亲子鉴定技术在我国发展较快,越来越多的人应用这一鉴定手段维护了自己的合法权益.但我们发现,我国目前对鉴定部门的管理却相对滞后,主要表现为实验室缺乏规范化管理、鉴定机构良莠不齐、技术标准不够完备以及缺乏实验室的质量检测体系等.这些问题如不解决,将不适应司法体制改革的趋势,阻碍鉴定技术科学、公正地为司法实践服务.因此,我们呼吁有关部门对这一问题加以重视、加强协作,使科学鉴定早日走上标准化、规范化管理的道路.     

走向正义的分配——罗尔斯分配正义思想解读

分配正义是建设中国特色社会主义的价值追求,也是构建和谐社会的客观要求。但现实中,由于分配问题导致的贫富差距已经越来越大,可以说解决分配问题已经到了刻不容缓的地步。而罗尔斯提出的分配正义思想不仅在20世纪制度伦理中有着无与伦比的影响,而且在当代主流意识形态中代表着“平等主义”,并且从正义角度的考虑系统地论证了他的平等分配观,其与一般的妒嫉式平等的不同。罗尔斯提出的差别原则,对于我国在市场经济建设中,政府充分发挥宏观调控职能,调节收入的二次分配,缩小贫富差距,有着巨大的理论指导意义。