四十载 从无到有筑牢事业根基 新时代 从大到强走进复兴梦想

1980年1月14日,原中国专利局(国家知识产权局前身)正式建立。四十年来,几代知识产权人披荆斩棘,改革创新,开拓进取,接续奋斗,走出了一条中国特色知识产权事业跨越式发展之路。笔者作为从事知识产权工作近36年的亲历者,感慨颇多,谈几点真切的感受和体会。     

The San Francisco Peace Treaty and the Disposal of the Japanese Territory

As the San Francisco Peace Treaty has violated the principle of "not making a separate armistice or peace with the enemy" and denied the allies’ provisions for the disposal of Japanese territory, it is illegal and invalid, and cannot form the Japanese "legal basis" for their so-called Diaoyu Islands being Japan’s "inherent territory."     

论健全完善党的全面领导的基本规则

围绕坚持加强党的全面领导,党的十九届四中全会决定进一步明确了需要坚持和完善的六个方面的党的领导制度,并把制度完善作为坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要标志。但是,在党的领导制度体系构建中,基本规则的缺失是一个明显不足。对此,要正确认识健全完善党的全面领导基本规则的必要性和紧迫性,明确健全完善新时代党的全面领导基本规则的主要思路,着重围绕信息公开规则、调查研究规则、党委(常委)会议事规则、决策规则和责任规则进行新时代党的全面领导基本规则的构建,使规则作为配套党内法规在党的领导中发挥应有作用。     

2019年国际安全形势：和平局面保持、乱象危机频发

2019年,世界多地动乱频发,特别是拉美地区,发生在一国之内的政治和社会动荡向多国蔓延,并呈持续扩散之势。西亚北非、欧洲、南亚等地区的动乱此起彼伏;传统安全问题进一步上升。除俄罗斯外,各主要国家军费开支再创新高,人工智能军备竞赛初露端倪,美国退出《中导条约》正引发严重后果,太空战也被提上大国军事战略日程,海湾地区冲突和战乱不断;特朗普政府继续坚持“美国优先”,大力推行单边主义和保护主义等霸凌政策,与传统盟友关系裂痕加深,与俄罗斯在中东地区的博弈更趋复杂,与中国的战略竞争不断加剧,大国安全合作不进反退。在上述背景下,全球动荡源和风险点明显增多,中国周边安全环境趋稳向好,但潜在热点和不确定因素增多。同时,当今世界和平、发展、合作的时代潮流未变,维护全球安全治理体系基石的积极力量在不断积聚,这将对国际安全秩序的重组、重塑产生积极影响。     

Research on the local regional similarity of automatic fingerprint identification system fingerprints based on close non-matches in a ten million people database—Taking the central region of whorl as an example

The local regional similarity of fingerprints has always been a hot issue in the field of fingerprint research. With the increasing size of ten-print databases, the appearance of close non-matches (CNMs) in automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS) candidate lists has attracted increasing attention from forensic science departments worldwide. In this study, three categories (high-, medium-, and low-level) of standards for CNMs were established and 60 whorl samples were marked with different numbers of minutiae to explore the occurrence and influencing factors of CNMs in AFIS candidate lists based on a ten million people database. The results showed that all prints could be found with their corresponding CNMs. The average occurrence rate of CNMs for every query was 52.7% in the top 100 lists, and the most similar CNM was exactly the same in the local area of 12 coincidence points. CNMs appeared more in the middle and lower parts of the central region of the whorl. Moreover, shorter C2C distances and the same finger number and hand led to more CNMs being inspected. CNMs with higher similarity required a more extensive regional area and smaller minutiae density. We concluded that CNMs have a high occurrence rate in large-scale databases and many factors are closely related to them. Fingerprint examiners and researchers need to strengthen their understanding of CNMs to avoid the occurrence of misidentification like the Madrid bombings.     

Challenging arbitral awards: A comparative study of Chinese law, british law and UNCITRAL model law

Support and supervision of a court ensure the integrity of the arbitral process and protect the public interest. However, to prevent the confidence of the arbitral system from being damaged, the judicial control should not be too strict. The support and supervision of a court can be seen in many aspects, among which is to challenge an award. Under the Chinese arbitration law, an award made by a foreign arbitration agency is regarded as a foreign award, challenge of which involves resisting recognition and enforcement in accordance with the relevant provisions of the international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People’s Republic of China or on the principle of reciprocity. Accordingly, an award made by a Chinese arbitration agency is regarded as a domestic award, challenge of which includes setting aside and resisting enforcement. As to the grounds and procedures for challenging a domestic award, including foreign-related awards and non-foreign-related awards, some Chinese provisions are either obscure or contradictory. There may be room for the Chinese system to be modernized. The Model Law and the English Arbitration Act of 1996 may be used for its reference.     

公司治理的现实选择

公司治理无论从理论上还是实践上都已成为最重要的管理课题之一。主流的研究目标是通过科学合理的公司治理结构保护小股东的权益,而实践中并非只有大股东侵害小股东,中小股东通过内部人控制同样可以严重侵害大股东的利益。通过对治理结构的国际化比较,公司治理的现实选择应为:没有固定的模式;大股东有利益才能最终保护小股东;非经济因素对公司治理具有制约和促进的作用。     

贫困人口分布、构成变化视阈下农村扶贫政策探析——以湘西八个贫困县及其下辖乡、村为例

基于对湘西八个贫困县及其下辖乡、村的扶贫开发调查和定点贫困调研,从我国农村剩余贫困人口分布的地缘性特征以及贫困群体构成以劳动力人口为主的视角梳理和分析了1986年以来的农村扶贫开发政策,重点分析了扶贫资源瞄准和使用偏离扶贫目标群体、扶贫工作重点集中于就地开发建设物质资本以及就业援助政策缺失的问题及其后果,进而结合可持续生计理论框架探寻了扶贫政策取向,提出国家的扶贫资源和项目必须瞄准地缘性分布的有劳动能力的贫困群体,把能力建设置于新扶贫开发战略的优先地位,把就业援助政策作为扶贫政策体系建设的重点.     

济南汉族群体5个Y-SNP位点的多态性分析

目的 探讨济南汉族群体5个Y-SNP位点的多态性并评价其在法医学中的应用.方法 采用片段长度差异等位基因特异性PCR(fragment length difference allele specific PCR,FLDAS-PCR)对济南汉族群体共103名男性无关个体5个Y-SNP标记(M89、M9、M122、M134...     

A comparative study on the concentrations of 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCCOOH) in head and pubic hair

In this study, the concentrations of 11-nor-Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCCOOH) in pubic, axillary and beard hair were measured and the correlation between the concentrations of THCCOOH in head and pubic hair from same cannabis users were evaluated. The papers on body hair analysis for THCCOOH were rarely found although police officers submit body hair as a complimentary specimen to forensic laboratories in case cannabis users had no hair. Head, pubic, axillary, and beard hair were collected. All hair samples were cut into 0.5mm segments and decontaminated with methanol, digested with 1 mL of 1M NaOH at 85 °C for 30 min and extracted in 2 mL of n-hexane:ethyl acetate (9:1) two times after adding 1 mL of 0.1N sodium acetate buffer (pH = 4.5) and 200 μL of acetic acid followed by derivatization with 50 μL of PFPA and 25 μL of PFPOH for 30 min at 70 °C. The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry operating in negative chemical ionization mode (GC/MS/MS-NCI). We determined the concentrations of THCCOOH in both pubic and head hair. The concentrations of THCCOOH in pubic hair were higher than those in head hair. We also evaluated the concentrations of THCCOOH in body hair (pubic, axillary and beard hair) and head hair according to the positive/negative urine test results. There was no statistically significant difference in the concentrations of THCCOOH in head and body hair according to urine results.