Distribution of methamphetamine and amphetamine in drug abusers’ head hair

In order to aid the interpretation of hair results from methamphetamine (MA) abusers the MA and amphetamine (AP) concentrations in 2070 hair samples were statistically evaluated. The MA and AP concentrations in hair were put into three groups arbitrarily representing low, medium and high ranges and the metabolite-to-parent drug ratios of each group were examined. The concentration ranges proposed here were also applied to the interpretation of five authentic cases. The low, medium and high ranges of MA were 0.5–4.2, 4.2–24.5 and 24.5–608.9 ng/mg and those of AP were 0.1–0.4, 0.4–1.7 and 1.7–41.4 ng/mg. The AP-to-MA ratios showed large variation but a tendency that it decreased as the MA ranges increased. This evaluation was very useful to presume the severity of individuals’ MA abuse and to provide law enforcement agencies more understandable information. It could also facilitate the court's decision regarding specific circumstances surrounding the drug-related crimes.     

密歇根州立大学的教育环境和管理方法

提高大学教育管理水平,营造高质量的教育教学环境,提高大学教育质量,是高校改革中一个重要的目标。应该说在这些方面美国大学由于发展的历史比较长,受新科技革命的影响比较广泛,所以有此较好的教学管理经验。国外大学如何激发学生的学习热情,树立良好的学风,如何对教师的教学和科研进行管理,如何运用现代化手段有效管理,会给我们一些有益的启示     

The time-dependent expressions of IL-1beta, COX-2, MCP-1 mRNA in skin wounds of rabbits

In this study, we investigated the time-dependent expression of IL-1beta, COX-2, MCP-1 mRNA after incised wounds in rabbit skin using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The tested wound ages were distributed as following: <0.5h, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 2d, 3d, and 7d. The expressions of three markers in postmortem wounds were determined. Comparison of each wound age with control group, expression of IL-1beta mRNA showed that the significant increase occurred at <0.5h (p<0.01), and the peak level at 2h. The expression was almost normalized at 2d. But for COX-2 and MCP-1 mRNA, the significant increase occurred at 1h for COX-2 mRNA, and 3h for MCP-1 mRNA. The expression peak levels were at 3h and 5h, and were almost normalized at 3d and 7d, respectively. There was no significant increase in all postmortem samples for IL-1beta, COX-2, MCP-1 mRNA compared with control group. Thus, the results of these cytokines and enzyme significant increase at different early wound ages implied that the combined investigation could make wound age determination more objective and accurate. Moreover, the three markers could also be used to distinguish the supravital injuries.     

论证据收集力强弱与证明责任轻重

证据收集力强弱与证明责任轻重的平衡是当前民事诉讼中迫切需要解决的问题。本文阐释了民事诉讼中强化当事人证据收集力的趋势,程序结构视野中的两种证明责任观,分析了证据收集力强弱与证明责任轻重的错位现象,并提出导入证据开示制度,提升当事人证据收集力,平衡当事人证据收集力强弱与证明责任轻重的观点。     

船舶碰撞责任的承担主体——中美海商法的比较研究

1910年《统一船舶碰撞若干法律规定的国际公约》关于＂过失船舶承担船舶碰撞责任＂的规定在世界绝大多数航运国家都得到了贯彻,中国也不例外。但中国并不承认＂对物诉讼＂,因此在中国法律体系下,＂船舶＂本身显然不能成为责任主体。如何具体确定船舶碰撞的责任主体,《中华人民共和国海商法》并没有给出答案,因此这个问题有赖于司法解释的澄清。2008年4月颁布的《最高人民法院关于审理船舶碰撞纠纷案件若干问题的规定》,第一次对船舶碰撞的责任主体作出明确规定。但该规定关于碰撞责任主体的规定并没有从根本上解决问题,理论界和实务界对该司法解释关于碰撞责任主体的规定的讨论一直没有停止。针对上述碰撞规定中的相应条文,就以＂光租登记＂作为光船承租人承担碰撞责任与否的判定标尺是否可取、船舶碰撞的责任主体是否应限定为船舶所有人和光船承租人这两个问题进行讨论,并从比较法的角度对中美海商法的船舶碰撞责任主体制度进行比较研究,分析中国关于船舶碰撞责任主体规定的不足,指出美国海商法下的多重可诉主体、直诉保险人制度等值得借鉴。     

我国经济犯罪侦查的难点与对策

经济犯罪是当今社会的重大社会问题之一,由于犯罪主体的广泛性和专业性、犯罪行为的隐蔽性和复杂性等特点,使得案件性质界定困难,立案案件难查,疑犯难抓、财产难追。针对这些难点,应当从经侦的起点出发,科学界定案件性质,加强经侦特情和情报工作建设,挖掘经济犯罪信息,加强经侦队伍业务知识培训,提高我国干警经济犯罪的侦查能力：     

情景预防初探

犯罪是一“综合病症”。科学的犯罪预防体系应当是多种预防模式的有机结合。我国一向对司法预防和社会预防比较重视,而对情景预防关注不够。虽然在犯罪预防实践中,已经有了一些情景预防的做法,但尚未系统化、完善化。将情景预防纳入到我国的犯罪预防体系之中,能够更为有效地控制和减少犯罪的发生。在我国和谐社会的构建中,应立足于我国的具体国情,借鉴国外情景预防的成功做法,探索有中国特色的情景预防模式。     

Debating China beyond the Great Firewall: Digital Disenchantment and Authoritarian Resilience

To what extent does the co-existence of the empowering Internet and resilient authoritarianism rely on the state-controlled information environment? Drawing on online ethnography and a dataset of Amazon reviews, this article addresses the question by examining the debate over the memoir of a Chinese-American entrepreneur. It finds that such digital experiences, though in a free information environment, have resulted in frustration, anger, and ultimately disenchantment with the West among overseas Chinese. The findings contribute to the growing literature on digital orientalism and digital authoritarian resilience.

     

俄国驻中国喀什噶尔领事彼得罗夫斯基与近代英俄大博弈

尼古拉·费奥多罗维奇·彼得罗夫斯基是俄国驻我国新疆喀什噶尔第一任领事,其任期正值近代英国与俄国的中亚大博弈时期.彼得罗夫斯基利用其在当地的影响力,精心编织情报网络,培训情报人员,收集新疆地区军事政治要情,为俄国推行对华侵略政策提供信息服务,并严密监视英国动向,协助俄国军队占领我国帕米尔地区.在经济方面,彼得罗夫斯基通过扩大俄国商圈、打压英国在新疆的贸易和扰乱金融体系等手段,帮助俄国扩大对新疆的贸易.此外,彼得罗夫斯基利用职务之便在我国新疆喀什噶尔及其周边地区大肆劫掠文物,并与俄国国内积极互动,为俄国考察者提供文物信息和物质支持,在此方面,也将英国视为最大竞争对手.在彼得罗夫斯基的苦心经营下,19世纪末20世纪初俄国在新疆地区的影响力得到极大的扩张,无论在政治、经济还是文物掠夺方面,相对于英国均占据了先机.     

平台视角中的社会信用治理及其法律规制

在大数据时代,无论是企业还是政府都逐渐走向平台化。依托于数字技术的发展,以声誉为核心的信用治理在平台治理中发挥了重要作用。对于商业平台而言,信用治理可以高效地管理平台上的生产和交易行为,减少国家权力的介入;对于政府平台而言,信用治理不仅可以减少执法成本,还可以促进国家内部权力的整合,并促使国家权力进一步向社会领域延伸。但是,由于缺乏有效规制,信用治理在商业领域存在着评价黑箱化、商业化和垄断化的公平性问题。在公共管理领域,信用治理在信用信息平台建设、政府内部权力整合、数据收集和使用等方面都面临着挑战。对此,法律规制应该以整体制度设计、市场结构调整和优化规制手段为导向,并从限制信用评价的适用范围、引入多元治理模式和培育国家数据能力等方面实现对信用治理的具体规制。