降解生物检材遗传标记检测的研究进展

降解生物检材遗传标记的检测一直是法医学实践和科研的难点。虽然PCR-STR分析技术能在一定程度上检测降解生物检材的遗传标记,但是对于某些高度降解的生物检材如骨骼、牙齿等的PCR-STR分型仍旧十分困难,存在不稳定性和分型异常现象。本文就近几年来PCR-STR分型技术在降解生物检材的法医实践中出现的问题和解决方法作一综述。     

大鼠脑挫伤后巢蛋白表达与脑挫伤经过时间的关系

目的观察大鼠脑挫伤后不同时间内巢蛋白(nestin)蛋白表达的变化,探讨其与脑损伤经过时间的关系。方法利用自由落体撞击大鼠脑挫伤模型,在脑挫伤后不同时间(0.5,6,12h和1,3,7,14,28d)观察nestin蛋白在伤侧皮质、海马齿状回及胼胝体表达情况。结果伤后0.5h伤侧皮质、海马齿状回及胼胝体nestin阳性细胞表达开始增强,7d达高峰,以后逐渐下降,28d伤侧皮质、海马齿状回恢复至正常组水平,伤侧胼胝体在伤后28d仍有弱表达。结论nestin免疫组化染色可以作为法医学推断早期脑损伤时间的指标之一;nestin可作为判断脑损伤是否存在及区分生前和死后脑损伤的标志。     

论法治政府与“宪政中国”之构建

法治政府是一种以良法统治为要义、以行政权规制为基本原则、以公民权利保障为根本目的的政府模式,它对宪政具有极为重要的意义,是宪政的题中应有之义,是宪政的基本精神,是宪政的重要保障."宪政中国"之构建必须以法治政府建设为关键与核心,坚持以人为本的理念,全面推进依法行政,进一步转变政府职能,优化政府决策,强化政府责任.     

消逝的儿童文化--传统儿童游戏引发的儿童文化思考

理论表述与实际形态之间的错位,使得我们平常所说的"儿童文化"实际上是一种"代言叙述".儿童在其中担任创造主体的"幻想式"角色游戏的存在使我们有理由相信儿童文化不仅包含了关于儿童的、为儿童的文化,更应该包含儿童创造的文化.但是这种本体形态的儿童文化正逐渐淡出我们的视线.这折射出在我们的时代,儿童并没有被看成是他们自己的生活和童年时代的最重要的贡献者.     

Application of HLA-DRB1 genotyping by oligonucleotide micro-array technology in forensic medicine

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is known to be the most complex polymorphic system in the human genome. Among all of the HLA loci, HLA-DRB1 has the second largest number of alleles. The purpose of this study is to develop an oligonucleotide micro-array based HLA-DRB1 typing system for use in forensic identification, anthropology, tissue transplantation, and other genetic research fields. The system was developed by analyzing the HLA-DRB1 (DRB1) genotypes in 1198 unrelated healthy Chinese Han individuals originating from various parts of China and residing in Shanghai, China. METHOD: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with the oligonucleotide micro-array technology was used to detect and type HLA-DRB1 alleles of the sample individuals. The reliability, sensitivity, consistency and specificity were evaluated for use in forensic identification. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was carried out by comparing the allele frequencies of the HLA-DRB1 locus with those of other Chinese Han groups, Chinese minorities and other ethnic populations. RESULTS: All the DNA samples yielded a 273 bp amplification product, with no other amplification products in this length range. The minimum quantity of DNA detected by this method is 15 ng in a PCR reaction system of 25 microl. The population studied appeared to be not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), expected probability of exclusion (PE), polymorphic information content (PIC), and discrimination power (DP) of the HLA-DRB1 locus from the Shanghai Han ethnic group were evaluated to be 0.8022, 0.8870, 0.7741, 0.8771, 0.9750, respectively. A total of 25 HLA-DRB1 alleles were identified. HLA-DRB1*09XX, *04XX, *12XX and *15XX were the most frequent DRB1 alleles, which were observed in 58.76% of the sample. One hundred and sixteen genotypes were found. The five most frequent genotypes were: *04XX/*04XX (0.0626), *09XX/*09XX (0.0593), *04XX/*09XX (0.0551), *09XX/*15XX (0.0384) and *08XX/*12XX (0.0351). The meta-analysis showed that there were uniquely distributed features of DRB1 alleles among various ethnic populations and among the studied population groups from various regions with the same ethnic origin. CONCLUSIONS: An HLA-DRB1 genotyping system has been developed and established based on the oligonucleotide micro-array technology. The HLA-DRB1 typing of the Han population in Shanghai has revealed a relatively high heterogeneity. Information obtained in this study will be useful for medical and forensic applications as well as in anthropology research. Large-scale micro-array detection is highly accurate and reliable for DNA-based HLA-DRB1 genotyping. These results suggest that HLA-DRB1 DNA polymorphisms and the database of the Shanghai Han group have useful applications in processing forensic casework (as personal identification, paternity test), tracing population migration and genetic diagnosis.     

司法公正与司法改革——以科学发展观探求司法改革 促进司法公正

一个时代需要一个主题。当人类迈进21世纪的时候,最高人民法院全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想,客观总结了人民法院五十多年来的丰富经验,综合分析了新世纪人民法院面临的新情况、新任务,科学地提出了“公正与效率是二十一世纪人民法院的工作主题”, 高屋建瓴地概括了人民法院司法工作的全部追求,是对人民法院工作核心的提炼,具有强烈的时代色彩,确     

珠海“十一五”图书馆事业发展战略研究

本文以国内外图书馆发展的大环境为背景,对珠海图书馆事业进行客观地审视与思考,附以数据进行说明和分析,旨在用科学发展观为指导,从发展战略研究的理论出发,探讨珠海市图书馆事业在"十一五"经济、社会发展规划中的发展目标和发展策略.     

应当赋予律师绝对保守职业秘密的权利和义务

目前我国律师保守职业秘密的规则尚未完全确立 ,但随着现代刑诉规则的逐步确立 ,这一现状不利于全面地保障当事人的权益 ,与律师职业特性相悖 ,且与国际通行做法相离甚远。因此赋予律师绝对保守职业秘密的权利与义务 ,是整个诉讼制度和律师制度良性运作的迫切需要     

矿产资源立法的若干问题

<正> 矿产资源是人类生产,生活资料的基本来源,是社会经济发展的基础。一个国家的矿产资源状况如何,对其发展战略的选择有着重要的制约作用。1949年以来,95%左右的能源和80%左右的原材料都取之于矿产资源,这个     

光储存专利技术发展与反垄断审查的历史思考——探析与3C成员以及3C集团相关的反垄断案例

知识产权与竞争规范都应服务于国家最大化社会福利的政策目的.对于创新经济,知识产权独腿难行--它常引发市场垄断,限制竞争.为保证知识产权制度促进动态的竞争,发达国家的反垄断法总是伴随着它的发展.因此,知识产权并不是创新制度的全部,TRIPs协议也不是发达国家赐福给发展中国家的"福音书",保佑发展中国家实现创新型的经济.光储存技术发展的足迹,为具体理解竞争制度和知识产权制度的相互关系,提供了经典的案例.在技术发展早期,反垄断规制给予各种企业间的协议以更多的宽容,即使它们有相当的限制竞争的嫌疑.到技术趋于成熟,标准制定和专利联合许可时,知识产权的反垄断规制问题才突出和重要起来.与MCA,Philips,Sony,3C集团相关的反垄断审查和诉讼,多数发生在光储存技术成熟后,而且案件的影响往往还跨越国界.它们揭示了知识产权与反垄断规制之间错综复杂的关系.我国正在进行知识产权战略的制定,取向创新型经济的发展道路;反垄断法出台正处于关键的阶段,本文希望通过对光储存技术发展的部分历史的考察,有助于引起立法者对知识产权反垄断规制的充分关注.