论人工智能时代法律正义的正当分配

人工智能时代的人类面临人工智能歧视、主体自由失落和人文精神衰退等现代性困境。为此,必须从法律实用主义思想中解放出来,增强主动性,重视前瞻性"未来法"的建设。传统的"个体正义"在这一时代面临挑战,人的"类本质"和人工智能的"类特性"催生出"类正义",助力于走出"人类中心主义"。实现法律正义的正当分配迫切需要重拾正义的平等、互惠和理性等内在本质,保持开放包容心态,尊重正义观的多样性,以破解现代性难题,实现人类社会可持续发展。     

Discrimination of phenethylamine regioisomers and structural analogues by Raman spectroscopy

In this study, the Raman spectra of 21 phenethylamines were obtained using far‐red excitation (785 nm). The distinguishing ability of Raman for phenethylamines, especially for phenethylamine regioisomers and structural analogues, was investigated. Here, the evaluation of a cross section of Raman spectra demonstrated that all types of phenethylamines were distinguishable, even for certain structural analogues with high spectrum similarity. Raman exhibited high distinguishing ability for phenethylamine regioisomers that differ in the substitution position of halogen, methoxy, alkyl, or other substituted groups; as well as for structural analogues containing different groups, such as furanyl, 2,3‐dihydrofuranyl, halogen, and alkyl substituted at the same position. The Raman spectra for homologues with differences in only a methyl group were found to be highly similar; however, their spectra demonstrated small but detectable differences. Four analogue mixtures and 59 seized samples were also analyzed to study the practical use of the Raman method in forensic field. 95% of the seized samples were correctly identified, which significantly validated the ability of Raman method in identifying the correct isomers. Accordingly, this study provides a non‐destructive, high‐throughput and minimal sample preparation technique for the discrimination of phenethylamines.     

The Dawn of an Asian Century?

<正>An era dominated by the world's two largest developing economies is far from a mere pipedream In 1988,when Deng Xiaoping met the then Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi,the former said that only when China and India have achieved prosperity can we call it an Asian century.Now this finally looks to be on the horizon.Before concluding his first China visit after taking office,Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi stressed that he believes that the 21st century belongs to Asia while     

最高人民法院在合宪性审查中的现状、困境与出路——兼对我国《立法法》第99条第1款解释

我国《立法法》预设了最高人民法院提请全国人大常委会进行合宪性审查的路径。从现有裁判文书来看,最高人民法院在实践中并未遵循我国《立法法》所预设的路径,而是在绝大多数案件中回避了合宪性审查诉求,同时又在个别案件中进行了合宪性审查,陷入了完全回避与直接审查的两难困境。造成这种困境的原因在于,我国《立法法》对最高人民法院在合宪性审查中的权力基础、权力行使程序缺乏清晰的规定。对此,亟待通过法律解释进行明确和细化,否则最高人民法院将无章可循,无法贸然提请全国人大常委会进行合宪性审查。为了化解最高人民法院面对的这一困境,有必要对我国《立法法》第99条第1款进行解释,推导出该条款在授予最高人民法院提请审查权时,还隐含着另一项未被释明的权力即预审权,其共同构成最高人民法院在合宪性审查中的权力基础;同时,为了使预审权与提请审查权的行使制度化,有必要对其行使程序进行细化,建立起预审-提请审查机制。     

全面小康后新生贫困问题对策研究

在全面建成小康社会后,仍然可能出现新发生的贫困现象。找到这些现象的成因将有助于我们找到相应对策。相对于绝对贫困问题而言,我国社会应当更加关注防范和化解相对贫困问题。在全面建成小康社会后,引导全社会树立强烈的集体意识。通过集体生活、互帮互助的力量解决贫困问题,不仅将有效解决有关问题,而且将有助于社会经济的发展,有助于提高社会成员的思想道德和共产主义觉悟。此外,本文还对解决新生贫困问题提出了十项具体对策。     

泊马度胺的合成工艺改进

目的改进免疫调节剂泊马度胺的合成方法。方法以3-硝基邻苯二甲酸为原料,制得中间体3-氨基邻苯二甲酸;以N-Boc-L-谷氨酰胺为原料,制得3-氨基-2,6-哌啶二酮盐酸盐,这两个中间体经一步缩合反应即得到目标产物泊马度胺。结果与结论反应总收率为53.21%(以3-硝基邻苯二甲酸计),纯度为99.4%(HPLC法),此合成方法具有反应步骤少、操作简单、后处理方便、无废水污染且无重金属残留等优点。     

非洲安全形势特点及中非安全合作新视角

自北非动荡和利比亚战争结束后,非洲面临的总体安全挑战日益严峻,既有内战和武装冲突等传统安全领域的问题,也有恐怖活动在非洲扩散,"不稳定之弧"暗流涌动的威胁。埃博拉疫情扩散则敲响了非洲公共卫生危机的安全警报。随着中非关系的不断深化和发展,非洲安全与中国的联系日益紧密,必须高度重视与非洲国家开展安全领域的合作。作者从多个角度提供了中国参与非洲和平安全建设的思路,值得思考。     

案例教学法在高校思想政治理论课教学中的运用——以《思想道德修养与法律基础》为例

案例教学法运用于高校思想政治理论课的教学可以提高教学效果。运用案例教学法时应注重选择经典案例、注重师生互动交流,并及时进行案例点评和总结。通过案例教学,可以把枯燥的教学理论转化为生动的教学情境。文章以《思想道德修养与法律基拙》为例,阐述了案例教学法运用于各个章节的教学内容设计。