电子遥控软禁系统

“电子遥控软禁系统”作为一种新型警用装备,目前在发达国家已广泛使用。它既扩展了监狱的管理范围,对犯人实施更有效的改造,又能减少监狱管理人员,节约国家财政开支。研制并使用适合我国国情的“电子遥控软禁系统”,不仅可给国家立法机构制定相关法律条文提供技术支持,而且又是减轻国家财政负担的一条新的途径。 本文主要介绍“电子遥控软禁系统”的构成、主要指标、关键技术,并对该系统在我国的应用等进行了展望。     

Drinking and driving in Singapore, 1987 to 1989.

Between 1987 and 1989 there were approximately 5,000 cases of fatal and injury-sustained road traffic accidents, of which 2.3-3.0% were alcohol related (blood alcohol levels greater than the legal limit of 80 mg% ethanol). The offenders of alcohol-related accidents are mostly Chinese (> 79%), male (> 98%), and more often 30-40 years old. The majority of the alcohol-related accidents (> 74%) took place between 8 P.M. and 4 A.M. in fine weather and light traffic. Rear-end, head-on, and side-on collisions comprised > 60% of all the alcohol-related accidents, and losing control of vehicles approximately 30%. Drunken driving cases for the same period that were not accidents showed a number of characteristics similar to those for accidents. In Singapore, motorcycle riders and pedestrians are more prone to road fatality than other road-user groups. International comparisons of road fatalities per 100,000 population gave Singapore one of the lowest accident rates (8.1-8.4) as compared with countries such as Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, New Zealand, Canada, and Japan.     

"先发制人"战略与国际法

美国的"先发制人"战略形式上是以传统国际法中的预先自卫权为其理论依据的.传统国际法承认国家可以先发制人,但<联合国宪章>生效后,国际社会对于国家是否仍享有预先自卫权存在广泛争议.因此,先发制人在国际法上的合法性是不确定的.实质上,美国的"先发制人"战略大大超越了预先自卫的范畴,走向了预防性行动或预防性战争,它已经而且必将继续对国际秩序和国际法产生很大冲击.从根本上说,这是国际法需要完善的问题.不久前,联合国高级名人小组、安南秘书长在他们各自的报告中就武力使用问题提出了一些有益的主张,对于国际法的完善具有一定的指导意义.     

Influence of groove count on slip resistance using NTL test feet

In recent years, walkway slip-resistance testing with grooved NTL (Neolite Test Liners) has been the subject of research, as well as used in field investigation practices. Recent research shows that differences between non-grooved and grooved test feet do exist, especially under wet conditions. It is not known how the number of grooves influences the slip resistance. This study investigates the influence of groove count on slip resistance under both wet and dry conditions using the PIAST tribometer. Test feet with 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 grooves and a non-grooved test foot were used. Polished granite and vinyl composition tile were used as test surfaces. Results for both test surfaces show markedly higher slip resistance for increasing groove counts under wet conditions, while under dry conditions, the results show slight increases in slip resistance. Implications of these results are discussed.     

中西警察学研究的区别与趋同

中国人在引进西方警察科学时不仅改进了我国的警务实践,更深化了警察学的理论研究,创造了警察学。随着我国警察学研究的进一步深化和发展,越来越多的警察学研究者提出创建独立的警察学大学科。但是,中国警察学毕竟不同于西方的警察学。因此,对中西方警察学的研究予以比较,借鉴西方警察学研究的优点,回避其缺陷,探索出我国警察学建设的发展方向就显得极其必要。     

法治警务框架下行政即时强制的规范和救济

行政即时强制是公安机关和其他有权机关在执法过程中经常运用的一种极为特殊的行政强制手段。由于它的特殊性和高自我裁量性,在理论上和实践中都极为容易造成对公民人权的损害。法治警务框架的构建和“立警为公,执政为民”的提出必然要求对即时强制予以规范和救济。     

论民事推定证据制度的完善

民事推定是“谁主张谁举证”这一基本证据制度的补充,其实质是法官自由裁量权的重要内容,它免除了原告对推定事实的举证责任。国外法学对推定的研究比较成熟,而我国虽然有些立法推定,但是法学理论界未能深入探讨,导致司法审判实践的混乱。本文审视了当今民事推定的发展趋势,揭示了我国民事推定证据制度存在的问题后,对民事推定的基本概念、法律意义、法哲学基础、构成要件及其适用作全面的分析、归纳,并提出自己尝试性的观点,以期进一步完善我国的证据制度,推动民事经济审判中证据制度的改革走向深入。