非法持有型犯罪问题的研究

<正> 目前在世界许多国家和地区的刑事立法,都或多或少地将非法持有管制物品的严重危害行为予以犯罪化。例如,德国刑法典、西班牙刑法典、瑞士刑法典、美国模范刑法典,我国香港、台湾刑法也有类似或相同的规定。在我国刑事立法中有关非法持有管制物品构成犯罪的规定,在现行刑法修订前,通常认为原刑法第163条私藏枪支弹药罪属于非法持有型犯罪的类型。随着我国社会政治、经济发展,为维护社会治安和秩序,自1989年起,我国立法机关加强了对非法持有管制物品行为的打击力度,相继在一些单行刑法和行政法规中规定了对非法持有管制     

MDCK细胞感染犬细小病毒后的差异表达谱分析

通过了解MDCK细胞感染犬细小病毒(CPV)后基因表达水平的差异,研究病毒对细胞的致病作用以及细胞抵御病毒感染的机制。利用表达谱基因芯片技术,分析持续感染犬细小病毒的MDCK细胞基因表达水平的变化情况,并用Real-Time PCR技术加以验证。结果显示,获得了359个差异大于1.5倍的表达基因(P0.05),占总基因数的1.53%,其中193个上调表达(0.84%),166个下调表达(0.69%)。对差异基因进行GO功能聚类分析,小部分涉及免疫应答、生长周期调控、信号转导和蛋白酶活性,其他大部分基因功能未知。利用Real-Time PCR随机验证5个基因在持续感染CPV后的差异表达,其结果和芯片杂交的结果一致。表明建立了MDCK细胞持续感染CPV后的差异表达谱,初步了解到CPV对宿主细胞的制约作用,引起部分细胞增殖调控相关基因发生了表达下调,以及细胞对感染的积极应答反应,部分免疫反应基因、肽链内切酶活性基因等发生了上调表达,从而为探索病毒的致病机理和宿主的抗病毒途径提供了试验基础。     

Monetary Penalties and Noncompliance with Environmental Laws: a Mediation Analysis

Studies that assess the impact of monetary penalties on environmental compliance have yielded mixed results. While some studies suggest fines deter future violations other studies find that fines do little to encourage compliance. This longitudinal study examines the impact of the dollar amount of fines on compliance with environmental laws among major facilities in the state of Michigan (n?=?37). Results from a mediation analysis suggest that while noncompliance may slightly decrease immediately following a fine there are few changes to a firm’s long term compliance behavior. Furthermore, analyses of these data suggest that total fines levied prior to the most recent fine actually have a positive relationship with noncompliance. We suggest these results imply a decaying effect of deterrence that is perhaps connected to the organizational structure of the treadmill of production.     

中国农村居民消费结构分析

运用统计学理论,动态分析中国农村居民的消费结构及影响因素,可为提高农村居民的生活质量提供参考。[1]研究结果表明:1990年以来,农村居民恩格尔系数处于递减的趋势,食品、衣着比例减少,医疗、交通和通讯比例增加,消费结构有所改善,但2005年以后,农村居民在文教娱乐方面的支出比重有下降趋势,此现象值得关注。建议通过提高农民科学素养、拓宽增收渠道等措施增加农民收入,促进消费结构的优化。     

认知脑电位检测在目击证人心理面孔重建中的应用

检验目击证人对犯罪嫌疑人面孔记忆的正确性是一项困难的工作。在证人面孔记忆的语义提取过程中,严格遵守完形原则,尽量减少影响证人记忆和再认的因素,把握细节,可以提高目击证人心理面孔重建的质量。认知脑电位检测法可以通过对记忆反应的脑电图成分、潜伏期、波幅等指标的测量,有效判断证人对列队辨认中的面孔是否存有记忆。本文对脑电位检测在目击证人心理面孔重建中的研究和应用进行综述,希望能为相关研究和实践提供参考。     

Criminal attitudes and psychopathic personality attributes of youth gang offenders in Singapore

Gang-affiliated youth are responsible for a disproportionate amount of serious and violent offenses. However, there is scant focus on the psychological variables that could be important for treatment planning and program development. Awareness of these variables is important for treatment planning and program development and also, potentially, for understanding which youth may be attracted to gangs. This study compared the criminal attitudes and psychopathic personality attributes of gang- and nongang-affiliated youth offenders (N=168) residing in youth correctional institutions in Singapore. Multivariate analyses indicated that favorable attitudes toward gangs (ATG), violence, and criminal associates remained significantly associated with gang membership after accounting for favorable attitudes toward violence and criminal associates, as well as increased attitudes of entitlement and impulsive/irresponsible traits. These attitudes were likely to perpetuate gang affiliation and criminal behavior, and thus should be a focus for intervention and rehabilitation efforts.     

Factors associated with contact child sexual abuse in a sample of indecent image offenders

Abstract

This study explored a sample of 244 UK adult male offenders convicted of offences involving indecent images of children (IIOC): 120 had a previous contact child sexual offence (defined as dual offenders) and 124 had no evidence of an offence against a child (defined as non-contact offenders). Offender groups were compared regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, previous convictions and IIOC possession. Key discriminatory factors that differentiated dual offenders were: access to children, previous offence history, sexual grooming and possession of IIOC that depicts similar-aged victims. In contrast, non-contact offenders could be identified from their greater amount and wider range of IIOC possession. The results suggest a homology between Internet behaviours, IIOC possession and victim selection. Implications for law enforcement agencies are discussed in terms of assisting investigative prioritisation by identifying those most at risk of committing sexual abuse against children.     

犯罪心理测试反测试及其对策

犯罪心理测试技术是在甄别嫌疑人过程中使用的测谎方法.但由于测试中的原理机制等问题,反测试手段可以以多种方式对测过程和测试结果进行干扰.加强犯罪心理测试中的监控并提高反测试识别技术,可以较好地应对测试中出现的反测试.反测试的出现本身就是逃避测试的表现,一旦发现被测人存在反测试行为或心理,则应重点对其进行调查.随着新技术的发展,脑电测试结合测谎范式进行检测有了一定的研究基础,为今后的测谎方式提供了更多的选择.     

基层县市安监局安监现状调查与对策研究

安全监察工作不仅关系到地方经济的发展质量,也同样直接影响着人民群众的生命财产安全.通过河南A县和江西B市的调查,可以看出我国地方安监局普遍存在着安监体系不健全、长效机制欠缺、安监能力不足等问题.从法律、机构、体制、人员等四方面入手,健全法律体系、完善安监机制、提高人员素质、加强安监部门建设应该成为改革我国基层安监局的可行性思路.     

武陵山区农村公共产品供给优先序研究

武陵山区属于中国的＂连片特困区＂,受当地财政状况制约,农村公共产品的供给必须向最紧迫的公共产品倾斜,因此,确定各种供给的先后顺序是当前急需解决的问题。由于特殊贫困,当地的私人产品与公共产品的边界发生了改变,房屋等农民无力承担的私人产品变成准公共产品,准公共产品也因贫困变为纯公共产品。在供给过程中,首先保证农民的最基本生存权,确保当地村民的最基本生活,包括危房改建,义务教育,清洁饮水设施以及通电供应等。由于当地生态的脆弱性和重要性,公共产品的供应必须以不破坏当地的自然环境为前提。