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411.
Oliver CJ Watson DG Gannon TA Beech AR 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2009,53(3):292-304
This article describes a study that used a computer-based task to investigate the emotional recognition skills of child sexual abusers. The experiment consisted of two phases (prime and probe) and measured both response time and error rates to facial expressions. The priming phase of the experiment consisted of the presentation of short phrases via computer of either sexual or neutral content. The probe phase of the experiment consisted of the presentation of adult facial expressions depicting either the emotion fear or surprise. Results showed child sexual abusers to be slightly less accurate overall. Furthermore, contrary to prediction, the effect of sexual priming appeared to make child sexual abusers actually better at recognizing fearful faces (p = .055). This result is discussed in relation to current victim empathy theory and treatment implications for sexual offenders. 相似文献
412.
Abstract: An unexpected infant death is usually investigated with a complete autopsy. If evidence of prior trauma is found at autopsy in these cases, suspicion is raised for nonaccidental trauma. In a young infant, the residua of trauma received during birth has the potential to be incorrectly interpreted as nonaccidental trauma. We report a the findings of a 4 1/2‐month‐old‐infant that died unexpectedly with a healing linear skull fracture and a circular lesion over the calvarium found at autopsy. Though this lesion was concerning, the remainder of the autopsy and the histological findings did not support a diagnosis of recent trauma. Review of the literature describing birth injuries made the diagnosis of healing, residual birth trauma more convincing in this case. 相似文献
413.
Edmund F. McGarrell Nicholas Corsaro Natalie Kroovand Hipple Timothy S. Bynum 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2010,26(2):165-190
Since the mid-1990s, a number of initiatives intended to address gang, gun and drug-related violence have arisen and demonstrated
promise in reducing levels of violent crime. These initiatives have employed some combination of focused deterrence and problem-solving
processes. These strategies formed the basis for Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN), a national program implemented by the Department
of Justice and coordinated by US Attorneys’ Offices. This paper is an initial attempt to assess the potential impact of the
nationally implemented PSN initiative through an analysis of violent crime trends in all US cities with a population of 100,000
or above. While a number of site specific studies exist examining the potential impact of locally implemented PSN programs,
to date no national-level study has examined whether PSN may have had an impact on violent crime trends. Cities included in
the current study are distinguished on the basis of whether they were considered a treatment city by the PSN task force and
by the level of implementation dosage of the PSN program. This allowed a comparison of 82 treatment cities and 170 non-treatment
cities as well as a variable of dosage level. Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models (HGLM) were developed that controlled
for other factors that may have affected the level of violent crime across the sample of cities. The results suggested that
PSN treatment cities in higher dosage contexts experienced statistically significant, though modest, declines in violent crime
whereas non-target cities and low dosage contexts experienced no significant changes in violent crime during the same period.
The limitations of this initial analysis are noted but the evidence seems to suggest that the multi-agency, focused deterrence,
problem solving approach holds promise for reducing levels of violent crime. At a minimum, these findings call for continued
programmatic experimentation with data-driven, highly focused, deterrence-based violence reduction strategies. 相似文献
414.
Reasons for Lack of Consensus in Forensic Pathologist Interpretation of Photographs of Patterns of Injury of the Skin, 下载免费PDF全文
William R. Oliver M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(3):674-680
In a previous study, a survey‐based analysis of pathologist diagnoses of patterned injury in which participants were asked makes diagnoses from photographs in the absence of history or context. The level of consensus was low. A follow‐up survey was created to ask those who responded to the first survey why they answered as they did or why they were unsure of their answers. The most common reason for lack of consensus was that the lesion was nonspecific. Responses invoking ambiguity were more common than those that indicated a confident difference in diagnosis. There were differences between demographic groups, with age and experience being most prominent. These findings suggest that differences in image interpretation do not generally reflect firm differences in diagnosis as much as differing ways of dealing with ambiguity in the absence of history and context. A third survey will study the effect of the addition of contextual information. 相似文献
415.
John Breuilly P. M. H. Bell Saki Dockrill Kendrick Oliver Gary D. Rawnsley 《Diplomacy & Statecraft》1998,9(1):243-251
John R. Davis, Britain and the German Zollverein, 1848-66 (London: Macmillan, 1997). x + 238 pp. £45. ISBN 0-333-67828-1.
Martin Thomas, Britain, France and Appeasement: Anglo-French Relations in the Popular Front Era (Oxford and New York: Berg. 1996). xi + 268 pp. £29.95 hb; £12.95 pb. ISBN 1-85973-192-9.
Peter Lowe, Containing the Cold War in East Asia: British Policies Towards Japan, China and Korea, 1948-53 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997). xii + 288 pp. £40. ISBN 0-7190-2508-7.
David M. Barrett, Uncertain Warriors: Lyndon Johnson and His Vietnam Advisers (Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 1994). xii + 279 pp. £11.95 pb. ISBN 0-7006-0631-9.
Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, Changing Differences: Women and the Shaping of American Foreign Policy, 1917-1994 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997). x + 275 pp. £14.50 pb. ISBN 0-8135-2449-0.
Philip M. Taylor, Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media Since 1945 (London & New York: Routledge, 1997). xx + 248 pp. £45 hb. ISBN 0-415-11678-3; £15.99 pb. ISBN 0-415-11679-1 相似文献
Martin Thomas, Britain, France and Appeasement: Anglo-French Relations in the Popular Front Era (Oxford and New York: Berg. 1996). xi + 268 pp. £29.95 hb; £12.95 pb. ISBN 1-85973-192-9.
Peter Lowe, Containing the Cold War in East Asia: British Policies Towards Japan, China and Korea, 1948-53 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997). xii + 288 pp. £40. ISBN 0-7190-2508-7.
David M. Barrett, Uncertain Warriors: Lyndon Johnson and His Vietnam Advisers (Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 1994). xii + 279 pp. £11.95 pb. ISBN 0-7006-0631-9.
Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, Changing Differences: Women and the Shaping of American Foreign Policy, 1917-1994 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997). x + 275 pp. £14.50 pb. ISBN 0-8135-2449-0.
Philip M. Taylor, Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media Since 1945 (London & New York: Routledge, 1997). xx + 248 pp. £45 hb. ISBN 0-415-11678-3; £15.99 pb. ISBN 0-415-11679-1 相似文献
416.
Adair TW DeLong L Dobersen MJ Sanamo S Young R Oliver B Rotter T 《Journal of forensic sciences》2003,48(5):1113-1116
We present an unusual case in which an adult female committed suicide by fire while enclosed in the trunk of her vehicle. A finding of suicide was reached only because several key investigative facts were uncovered. Without these discoveries the case may still remain open as a suspicious death. Fire is rarely used as a mechanism of suicide in Western culture, and, as such, similar cases should be reported to advance our recognition of this phenomenon. 相似文献
417.
Seymour A Black M McFarlane JH Oliver JS 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2003,24(1):17-21
Over an 18-month period, the department of Forensic Medicine and Science at the University of Glasgow investigated four rather unusual drug-related deaths. In all cases, death was due to the obstruction of the airway by a foreign body after an attempt to evade arrest. In all cases, the obstruction was drug packages of various shapes and sizes. Results of toxicology revealed levels of drugs that may have had a significant respiratory effect on the deceased in three of the cases. Rupturing of the packages and hence leakage of drugs being conducive to death was obvious in only one case. 相似文献
418.
Oliver P. Richmond 《冲突、安全与发展》2006,6(3):291-314
419.
420.
In postmortem drug analysis, the most commonly used sample matrix is whole blood. However, postmortem changes can denature this matrix, resulting in a loss or degradation of drugs, thus biasing analytical findings. Vitreous humor is thought to be less affected by these changes and should, therefore, have the potential to provide a more reliable estimation of antemortem drug concentrations. To assess the usefulness of vitreous humor for the analysis of benzodiazepine drugs, vitreous humor and whole blood were obtained postmortem in 27 cases. Three benzodiazepine drugs were investigated-temazepam, diazepam, and desmethyldiazepam. For temazepam and diazepam, some correlation was found between the matrices (R2 = 0.789 and 0.724, respectively). However, for desmethyldiazepam, no correlation was observed (R2 = 0.068). Regression analysis on plots of vitreous humor versus blood concentrations produced gradients of less than 1.0 showing that, in general, levels in blood are higher than the corresponding levels in vitreous humor. 相似文献