作为可传授知识的拉丁美洲研究:比较观察

拉丁美洲的多样性与同质性并存使其成为全球范围内便于进行科学研究调查的地区,因而受到诸多社会科学研究者的偏爱。相对而言,拉丁美洲研究在中国却长期处于边缘的处境。这与中国对外部世界展开认知的动力、需求和支持资源相关,也与特定的知识假设和学术建制相联。本文意在进行一项知识史的考察,力图对中国的拉美研究作出宏观描述,并从媒体报道、学科发展、文学现象、经贸交流情况、国人心目中的拉美等诸多方面,勾勒拉美在中国被认知的现状;同时,参照美国高校的拉美研究与教学状况,对中国高校的拉美教学个案展开更具体的分析。在此基础上,本文最后对在中国更好地开展拉美教学提出若干建议,强调其作为中国发展与拉美之关系的知识储备和基础的重要性及迫切性。     

德国刑法中的双重罪过立法及其对我国的借鉴意义

德国刑法中的双重罪过立法主要是指罪过由对行为的故意与对结果的过失组合而成的故意犯罪的立法,主要分布在公共危险之犯罪中,共涉及20余个罪名。双重罪过立法严格贯彻了明确性原则、责任主义和刑罚个别化,体现了较为鲜明的法治立场。我国刑法总则把罪过形式的判断根据明确限定为"危害社会的结果",但分则对部分犯罪的罪过形式规定不明确,致使难以解释抽象危险犯的罪过形式,在侵害犯和具体危险犯上难以贯彻责任主义,同时无法消除罪过形式解释上的混乱。从德国刑法中的双重罪过立法来看,在完善我国刑法中的罪过立法时,不仅应当满足判断罪过形式的实际需要,更应当注重贯彻法治对刑法的基本要求,同时还应坚持刑法文本的逻辑性和适度性。     

犯罪论对刑法典的形塑作用——以德国犯罪论与刑法典的关系史为线索的考察

刑法典与犯罪论体系的关系是犯罪论体系论争的一个前提性问题。对此,主张"维持论"的学者提出了"刑法典对犯罪论具有制约关系"的命题。通过对德国犯罪论与刑法典关系史的考察,可以看出,无论是构成要件、违法性还是罪责,都不是德国刑法典的产物,而是德国刑法学者智慧的产物。更为重要的是,阶层犯罪论体系的这些基本概念,通过在刑法学界形成共识之后,形塑了德国刑法典的发展。我国犯罪论体系的建构不应拘泥于刑法典本身的规定,因此引入德国阶层犯罪论体系并不存在障碍。     

Collaborative Behavior and the Performance of Government Agencies

ABSTRACT

While collaboration among individuals, work groups, and organizations is central for understanding the performance of public agencies, most studies have focused on collaboration between organizations or sectors. We develop a model that focuses on two types of collaborative behavior: between persons (both horizontal and vertical) and between work units. We empirically test our hypotheses using data on work collaboration and perceptions of public agency performance from the United States federal government. We introduce a method for estimating the impact of different types of collaborative behavior that also accounts for nonlinear effects and a dependent variable that takes ordered values. We find that intra-organizational collaborative behavior has a large impact on organizational performance and that horizontal collaborative behavior between workers has the greatest impact among the specific types.     

论政治改革的目标与路线图

经济和社会领域的改革超前于政治改革,而政府官员腐败和滥用权力、社会分配不公等问题迫切需要大力推进政治体制改革.改革的目标是确立社会主义民主、厉行法治、政府权力分权制衡等.政治改革需要有实施的路线图包括时间表,否则将流于形式和空谈.对于政治民主的体制改革,可先党内后全民,先基层后中高层,从间接民主选举到直接民主选举;对于分权制衡的体制改革,需要明确国家权力机关之间相互监督制约关系,实行人民代表大会的常务委员专职化和司法独立.在政改的推进程序上,可先实行局部试点,取得经验,再逐步推广,以避免大的震荡.     

Above the Roof,Beneath the Law: Perceived Justice behind Disruptive Tactics of Migrant Wage Claimants in China

The way in which citizens in developing countries conceptualize legality is a critical but understudied question for legal consciousness and legal mobilization studies. Drawing on participatory observations and extensive interviews from western China, this article explores the subjective interpretations of migrant wage claimants on law and justice behind their disruptive actions. Their perception of justice differs starkly from what the law stipulates as target, evidence and proper procedures. Who shall be held responsible? What constitutes evidence? When shall they be paid? How much? Their perceptions also differ from the attitude “against the law” found among members from disadvantaged social groups in the United States. The Chinese case of legal perception is shaped by the moral precepts ingrained in the culture, and more importantly, by the lopsided relationship between migrant workers and the political and business elite. It thus points to the daunting barriers in channeling the ever‐growing number of social conflicts into court.     

加快广西六堡茶产业化发展的对策研究

六堡茶是近年来广西通过地理标志产品保护成功培育的特色产业。文章从六堡茶品牌战略规划、管理和维护的短板等方面,分析了六堡茶产业化中存在的问题,提出了制定和实施区域产业品牌战略、六堡茶产业化战略、六堡茶文化旅游开发战略,加大对品牌、流通、科技、标准化、基地建设扶持力度等一系列加快六堡茶产业发展的对策和建议。     

Extending the Theory of Goal Ambiguity to Programs: Examining the Relationship between Goal Ambiguity and Performance

One of the main assumptions of empirical studies conducted on the influence of goal ambiguity in public management is that goal ambiguity relates negatively to performance. However, this relationship has rarely been tested at the program level because common goal ambiguity and performance measures for disparate government programs have been scant. The availability of Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) results for a number of federal programs provides the opportunity for an analysis testing the foregoing assumption. Measures of program goal ambiguity—target, timeline, and program evaluation—are shown to have negative relationships with different program performance scores, taking into account alternative influences or biases on performance. This analysis extends the theory of goal ambiguity by providing the first analysis of large‐sample federal programs. The theoretical and practical implications are presented in the discussion and conclusion.     

环境法“生态人”人性预设之否定——基于西方法律人性预设演进的视角

法律的人性预设的基本要求一是必须注意区分法律的人性预设与伦理道德的人性要求,二是必须基于对现实客观的人性标准的认识。作为法律的环境法的人性预设既应区分“环境法的人性预设”和“环境伦理的人性要求”,又必须准确把握现实人的人性标准。以这样的基本要求为工具审视环境法理论界的“生态人”理论,就能看出学者们共同采用了“应然模式”,没有注意区分“环境法的人性预设”与“环境伦理的人性要求”,且普遍存在不忠实于现实人性,不符合环境法人性预设的基本要求。所以,现阶段不宜直接将“生态人”作为环境法的人性预设。     

预算草案初审的制度与实务探讨

预算草案初步审查是一项日益显得重要和有待于深入探索与推进的工作.在人大预算审查监督的整个运行程序中,预算草案初步审查工作处于第一道环节,是各级人民代表大会审查预算的基础和依托.适应形势发展需要、深入开展预算草案初步审查工作,既要分析从预算法到全国人大常委会、各省(市、区)人大及其常委会有关预算审查监督立法中关于预算草案初步审查的内容和规定,也要对预算草案初步审查工作的现状进行探讨.在此基础上,提出完善制度和改进工作的建议,以期对推进预算草案初审工作有所裨益.