现代思想政治教育研究方法述评

思想政治教育作为一门与时俱进的社会实践科学,其研究方法必然随着时代的发展而不断更新.同时,近代社会科学研究方法的进步,不仅为现代思想政治教育研究提供了方法论意义上的指导,更为其提供了直接的研究工具和方法借鉴.多样化的研究方法已经成为现代思想政治教育研究的基础.     

我国公民参与公共决策的问题探究

公民参与公共决策是公民个人或组织通过直接或间接方式影响公共政策制定的行为,其目的是实现公共资源的有效配置,达到公共利益的最大化、合理化。随着市场经济和民主政治的发展,公民主体意识、利益意识和自主意识逐渐形成,公民不再只是被动地接受政府所提供的公共产品和公共服务,还会就公共产品和服务的质量提出自己的意见或建议。公民在公共决策中的主体地位日益凸现。因此,公共决策中的公民参与已成为政府和公民普遍关注的问题。本文探讨了我国公民参与公共决策的必要性,分析了公民参与公共决策所面临的问题与困境,并提出一些建议和措施,旨在为公民参与公共决策提供借鉴。     

Trends and pattern of drug abuse deaths in Maryland teenagers

The Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of Maryland recorded a total of 149 drug abuse deaths of teenagers aged 13-19 years between 1991 and 2006. Of these deaths, 96 (64.4%) were caused by the use of narcotic drugs only, 29 (19.5%) by both narcotics and cocaine, four (2.7%) by both narcotics and methylenedioxymethamphetamine, six (4.0%) by cocaine only, and 14 (9.4%) by volatile substances (e.g., butane, Freon, nitrous oxide, and propane). The annual death rate from drug abuse for teenagers increased from 1.4 deaths per 100,000 population in 1991 to 2.7 deaths per 100,000 population in 2006 (chi-square test for time trend, p<0.01). The increase in teenager drug abuse deaths occurred in 1999 and since has remained at a higher rate. Further analysis revealed that the increase in drug abuse deaths was attributable to a large degree to narcotic drugs, particularly heroin/morphine and methadone, and was confined to teenagers residing in the suburban and rural areas.     

论海盗的国际法律地位——兼论打击海盗国际行动中对海盗合法权益的保护

对海盗进行武力打击不仅具有习惯国家法、海洋法上的依据,还是行使自卫权的正义之举。国际社会在对海盗进行武力打击的同时,也应注重对其合法权益的保护。武力打击海盗行为应符合必要性、相称性、限制性、区分性原则。被拘禁或羁押期间的海盗不仅享有国际人权法的一般保护,还应受到日内瓦第四公约的保护。     

马克思"人的解放"的辩证解读

人的解放是马克思全部思想的宗旨.消除对人的解放的形而上学的种种错误理解,就要以辩证的态度来把握人的解放的内涵.在马克思看来,人的解放是一个极其艰难而漫长的过程.正是在这个过程中,人的解放展现了自身发展的辩证性:人的解放与社会进步的统一、无产阶级解放与人类解放的统一、崇高理想与现实运动的统一、统一性与多样性的统一.     

社会转型期公共服务的目标、挑战和发展措施

当前我国社会转型期公共服务的目标是符合国情、比较完整、覆盖广泛、可持续性、政府保障和均等化,实践上面临着供给不足、结构失衡、机制不健全等巨大挑战,必须贯彻落实全面改革与科学发展观,树立正确的政绩观;推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设;构建新型服务型政府和创新公共服务供给流程。     

Acute Poisoning Types and Prevalence in Shanghai,China, from January 2010 to August 2011

In recent years, the number of cases of acute poisoning has increased in China, yet; currently, there is no detailed report published that addresses acute poisoning in the mainland of China. We collected biological samples from 466 cases of suspected acute poisoning at the hospitals in Shanghai, China, and examined them using spectroscopy, chromatography and chromatography/mass spectrometry. Of the 466 cases, 230 cases (100 men and 130 women) were positively confirmed as acute poisonings. There were 80 types of compounds identified in this study. Medications were the most frequent substances identified, and the other substances included pesticides, multiple compounds, volatile compounds, natural toxins, and others. The results of this study indicate a need for strengthening the education about and management of the rational and safe use of drugs in Shanghai.     

Tuberculous Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Alimentary Tract Hemorrhage: A Case Report with Medico-legal Implications

An autopsy case of sudden death induced by alimentary tract hemorrhage was presented,which was caused by the unexpected rupture of clinically unrecognized tuberculous abdominal aortic aneurysm(TAAA).The initial diagnosis was made of the syndrome of coronary heart disease and hypertensive disease.The detailed autopsy showed that the alimentary tract hemorrhage was caused by a sudden rupture of the mass after posture changing was ascertained as the cause of death.The diagnosis of TAAA was determined by the autopsy findings.Analysis for the medical dispute of TAAA was described,and the difficulty of the diagnosis and medico-legal implications were also discussed.     

明朝初期“重典治吏”思想的意义及启示

“重典治吏”思想在朱明王朝立国执政的纲要中占据指导性位置,其“有法必依,执法必严”的核心理念贯穿于整个明初社会的恢复和发展阶段,客观上缓和了阶级矛盾,促进了社会经济的发展,符合广大民众肃腐惩贪的愿望。反思当下依然严峻的反腐败斗争形势,明初的“重典治吏”思想有助于我们从思想根源上摆脱特权思想的牵制与羁绊,进一步提高反腐制度的执行力,在强化惩处的同时兼施奖励,做到德治与法治并举。     

四要件与三阶层犯罪论体系共生论

从历史的视角看,中国的犯罪构成四要件体系的建立受到了政治意识形态的影响,"去苏俄化"的观点对去掉传统四要件体系中的那些强调阶级斗争的内容具有积极意义,但不能因此而全盘去掉或者否定四要件体系这一知识形态本身;从逻辑的视角看,德日三阶层犯罪论体系比我国的四要件体系更具有逻辑性;从应用的视角看,四要件知识形态与过去我国各种现实条件基本相适应,具有一定实用性。但现存的不一定合理,四要件知识体系有条件的实用性并不构成反对引进德日三阶层体系的理由。四要件体系与三阶层体系虽然在某种意义上属于异质的体系,但体系的异质性不是体系难以共生的理由,相反这是共生的前提。二者在知识形态属性上并不存在非此即彼的排斥关系,二者完全可能在共存的基础上形成一种拾遗补缺、良性互动的共生关系。