Democracy,Economic Wealth and Social Capital: Sorting Out the Causal Connections

There is widespread agreement that democracy, economic wealth and culture are causally linked, but there is sharp disagreement about the degree to which each of the factors influences the others. We contend that a society's culture, in the form of social capital, remains largely unchanged for long periods of time and that it leaves an indelible mark on the society's politics and economics. Using the 1990 World Values Surveys (WVS), we develop national-level social capital scores for the populations of 11 countries. We also use the cumulative General Social Surveys (GSS) to develop social capital scores for Americans who claim to have ancestral ties to these 11 nations. The WVS and GSS scores are strongly correlated, suggesting that social capital is durable and portable. Moreover, the GSS scores, which serve, in effect, as instrumental measures of 19th-century social capital, prove to be better predictors of contemporary politics and economics in the 11 WVS nations than commonly used 19th-century measures of politics and economics.     

通识教育视域下我国高校思政课教学的困境与革新

通识教育是许多发达国家对大学生进行思想政治教育的重要途径。我国高校已将思政课列为大学生的通识教育课程之一,但在实际教学过程中却与通识教育的目标要求呈现出"两张皮"的现象。提高我国高校思政课的教学实效,教师必须深入分析教学过程中面临的诸多困境与挑战,不断转变教学理念、关注教学过程、革新教学内容、转变教学模式、营造教学环境和变革教学评价体系,实现教学方法体系的创新。     

美国医疗纠纷替代性解决机制现状及发展

美国医疗纠纷替代性纠纷解决机制卓有成效,其不仅包含作为传统非讼手段的调解、仲裁、和解。还创设出监察员制度、事实调查、建立共识、混合式ADR、聘雇退休法官程序、微型审理、简易陪审团审判、诉前审查庭等多种方式。因受到司法机关与行政单位的重视和民间团体的大力支持,美国ADR制度已经发展成为与民事诉讼制度双轨并行、相互补充的重要纠纷解决机制。当前,针对我国医患纠纷事件频发,伤医事件愈演愈烈的情况,将ADR机制导引入国内医疗纠纷领域,不失为一条妥善解决医疗纠纷的有效可行的途径。     

减刑假释案件开庭审理程序的完善

减刑假释案件的审理并不是一种纯粹的诉讼,而是对执行机关提出的减刑假释建议的一种司法审查。文章指出减刑假释审理程序应从四个方面加以完善,特殊罪犯减刑假释案件的庭审程序与普通罪犯相比应有所差异。     

高校学生伤害事故适用公平责任原则的分析--从我国相关立法视角所作的思考

公平责任原则能否适用于高等学校学生伤害事故,一直是高等学校学生伤害事故归责原则研究和适用中争议的焦点之一。争议在理论研究、司法实践和地方立法中的对立,实际是民法学界公平责任原则存废争议的延伸,源自对《民法通则》实施以来我国立法、司法解释,特别是《侵权法》相关规定的不同解读。对此所作的分层分析表明,我国法律既没有肯定公平责任原则的法律定位,也不存在公平责任原则适用于高等学校学生伤害事故的规定。“公平责任原则”只能作为归结法律责任以外社会责任的一项损害分担规则。     

坚定中国特色社会主义自觉自信

坚定中国特色社会主义自觉自信,源于中国特色社会主义发展成型、源于辉煌成就、源于对现实的深刻把握和自我反省、源于探索实践创新,是全体中国人民的共同心声,是中国共产党代表全体中国人民在党的十八大上向世人发出的最强音!     

Influence in Terrorist Networks: From Undirected to Directed Graphs

A methodology for converting terrorist networks from undirected graphs to simplified directed graphs (or digraphs), and mapping the flow of influence in them, is described. It is based on an “influence assumption”—that important persons with more links influence less important persons with fewer links. This methodology, which was previously used to analyze the structure of influence relationships in Communist-bloc countries and the international system, is illustrated by its application to two terrorist networks constructed after 9/11. In the second more complex network, the hierarchy sheds light on the leadership and likely terrorist cells embedded in the network. Refined data and alternative assumptions about influence could provide additional insights into the structure of terrorist networks.     

Little Teachers: Children's Drama,Traveling, and Ruptured Childhoods in 1930s and 1940s China

This paper examines and problematizes complex relationships among war, the construction of “children,” and pursuit of national salvation and modernity in wartime China through case studies of children's traveling troupes. Children have received less attention than women and the masses in relation to modern Chinese literature and culture: wartime conceptions of children can contribute to rethinking ideas about orphan and refugee children's role in the national rescue movement during the War of Resistance against Japan (1937–1945). Influential reformer Tao Xingzhi's radical educational philosophy of “little teachers” liberated children's power and organized them for war propaganda. Shaped into a potent cultural symbol, self-administered children's troupes like the Xin'an Traveling Troupe and the Children's Drama Troupe demonstrated the politicization of Tao's slogan “Life is Education.” The children's “long march,” narratives of their travel experience, and amateur performances became a political means to educate themselves as responsible citizens and motivate the nation in wartime.     

民主主义在中国的前景

民主可区分为理念与制度两个层次。前者是建立在平等基础上的民主主义,后者的核心环节为选举制。制度层面的民主,在今后实践中未必会遇到真正的障碍;但平等的理念,却与本文化的精英主义传统格格不入,甚难为国人认同。如果西方的经济—社会危机持续发展,则一度宣称终结了历史的民主,可能最先在中国受到挑战。     

大熊猫源枝孢样枝孢霉的生物学特性

将大熊猫源枝孢样枝孢霉在不同培养基以及不同温度、不同pH、不同碳源和不同氮源的培养基中培养,以十字交叉法研究了各因子对其生长的影响。结果表明,该菌的最适培养基是马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基和沙氏琼脂培养基,较差的是改良大米琼脂培养基和玉米琼脂培养基,最差的为子囊孢子培养基和察氏琼脂培养基。该菌最适生长温度是25℃,较差的是15℃和20℃,30℃和35℃中几乎不能生长。最适pH为pH5和pH6,pH4和pH8～pH11中生长稍差,最差的是pH7。不同碳源对该菌生长无显著差异。最适合该菌生长的氮源为硝酸钠,其次是草酸,生长较差的是硫酸铵,在尿素中不能生长。结果明确了枝孢样枝孢霉生长的最适宜环境,可为该菌引起的暗色丝孢霉病的诊断及防治提供参考。