pMCT118位点扩增片段长度多态性及其应用

本文报道了对98例中国人 pMCT118位点扩增片段长度多态性的等位基因频率调查及有关法医生物物证检验问题的研究。用多聚酶链反应、小型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染方法,在12h 内检测低至1ngDNA 的 pMCT118位点扩增片段长度多态性。已发现22个等位基因,大小分布在340～780bp 之间,基因频率为0.005～0.3,杂合度为79%。对6个家系22名相关个体的分析符合孟德尔定律。探讨了微量检材样品制备和对混合斑、单根毛囊、唾液等生物检材的法医应用。对20个实际案例进行了检验。     

DNA的apoB位点扩增片段长度多态性的检测及其在法医学中的应用

用PCR方法对100例无关个体血样的apoB位点扩增片段进行研究,已发现有11个等位基因,片段长度分布于600～1100bp之间,基因频率为0.005～0.525,杂合度为70％。家系分析及对人体血液、血斑、精液、精斑、混合斑、带毛囊毛发及其它各种有核细胞组织的研究表明,该技术在个人识别及亲子鉴定上均能发挥重要作用。     

中国人p33.6位点的扩增片段长度多态性

用PCR、小型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染法对小卫星区域p33.6(D1S111)位点的扩增片段长度多态性(Amp—FLP)进行分析和对100例无关中国人p33.6位点的等位基因频率进行调查及数据处理,发现该位点核心序列重复数从9到22之间的全部14个等位基因,片段长度分布于435～925bp之间,基因频率为0.5～35.5％,杂合度为76％。对6个家系共22名相关个体进行分析,符合孟德尔遗传定律;对人体各种不同组织DNA进行该位点的分析,显示出高度的一致性。该位点适用于法医学上的个人识别以及亲子鉴定。     

DNA指纹技术在强奸案和亲子鉴定中的应用

在同一张膜上测定了18例无关个体血样,并计算出α-珠蛋白-3'HVR探针DNA指纹图的相关机率为4.0×10~(-12),平均每条谱带的相关机率为0.21。用此探针检验的14起强奸案和6起亲子鉴定案均获得肯定的结论。     

自动荧光分析法检验陈旧骨骼和牙齿的vWA和LPL位点

为鉴定陈旧骨骼和牙齿的尸源 ,对DNA的提取方法进行了研究,并建立了vWA和LPL位点的自动荧光分析技术,该法简便、快速、有效、可对存放2、3、4、7年的陈旧骨骼和牙齿成功地进行检验,在检验中能直接确定样品的等位基因     

Homicidal Poisoning in China Using Several Anesthetic Drugs

The authors describe a case of a well‐designed homicidal poisoning in China. A male was treated with starvation, intravenous fluids and antibiotics while in the hospital for acute diarrhea. He suddenly suffered from shortness of breath and subsequently died. A forensic autopsy was carried out, and several specimens were collected for toxicological screening. Propofol was tentatively identified in the blood by GC‐MS. Based on the presence of propofol in the blood, a suspect confessed that two other drugs, namely midazolam and vecuronium, were involved in this murder. Analytical drug quantification was then performed by GC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS. Blood analysis revealed the following: propofol at 0.5 μg/mL, midazolam at 0.098 μg/mL, and vecuronium at 0.10 μg/mL. These results suggest that the cause of death was respiratory depression due to the acute combined effect of several anesthetic drugs administered by the victim's companion.     

Social Pressure Mediates the Negative Impact of Guilt on Fair Allocation in Multi-Party Interactions

Previous research documents the negative effect of guilt on allocation behaviors in three-party dictator games. In these studies, guilty dictators gave more resources to their victims but fewer to third parties. We test whether this allocation behavior reflects greater social pressure from the victim in comparison to a third party (Experiment 1), and whether this pressure is reduced if a guilty dictator must take away resources as opposed to giving resources to the two players (Experiment 2). In two experiments, participants distributed 200 tokens in a three-party dictator game after an experimental manipulation of guilt in which participants learned they caused or did not cause their partner to lose a potential reward. In Experiment 1, dictators randomly assigned to the guilty condition reported more social pressure from the victims. Social pressure differences mediated the relationship between the experimental manipulation of guilt and the distribution of tokens between the dictator’s previous partner and another player. In Experiment 2, guilty dictators randomly assigned to take resources from the other two players reported more social pressure from the new player, and distributed the tokens more fairly between their previous partner and the new player in comparison to guilty dictators required to give resources to the other two players. Participants’ allocation behavior reflects social pressure from victims (created by feelings of guilt) and third parties (which depends upon whether game outcomes for other players are framed as rewards or costs).

     

理事会能够提升社会组织绩效? ——基于全国691家社会服务类组织的实证研究

【问题】社会组织内部治理是其有序、有效参与社会治理的基本前提。针对社会组织内部治理的实证研究并不多,且存在中观与宏观割裂的问题。社会组织内部治理机制究竟如何,内部治理主体多大程度上影响组织目标达成,又如何受到宏观制度环境的影响?【方法】论文使用稳健回归分析数据。数据来自于2019年实施的全国性社会服务类组织调查,该数据采用简单随机抽样方法,涵盖56个规模不等的城市。【发现】(1)理事会治理能力与治理表现既能影响社会组织的财务指标,也显著影响其公共输出。(2)制度环境能够显著调节理事会与组织绩效间的关系。在支持性制度环境中,理事会治理能力、治理表现对组织财务指标和公共输出影响效应被强化。在消极制度环境下,组织自身的成长韧性可能是一种重要的替代机制。【贡献】即使成长于“强制性制度变迁”背景下的社会组织,内部治理结构仍然具备组织共性,核心治理主体能够显著影响组织绩效,尽管这种自主性受到宏观制度环境的塑造。这质疑了关于中国社会组织内部治理结构缺乏规范性、理事会形同虚设的研究结论,也为“依附式”自主这一概念提供了经验支持,增进国家与社会组织关系的整体性理解。     

统一战线是扩大公民有序政治参与的重要途径

统一战线的存在和发展是经济、政治、文化、社会发展的客观要求。全面建设统一战线,其目的就是增强统一战线为社会主义经济、政治、文化、社会建设服务的功能。本文就扩大公民有序政治参与,发挥统一战线政治整合功能,在规范有序中实现社会政治稳定;发挥统一战线联系广泛的优势,在推进公民政治参与的同时提高公民的民主价值观及对主流政治文化的认同感。总之,要充分发挥统一战线凝聚人心,汇聚力量,协调关系,化解矛盾的独特优势和作用,把广大人民群众的智慧和力量凝聚到全面建设小康社会和构建社会主义和谐社会的目标上来。     

关于生物资源开发与可持续发展的博弈分析

通过对生物资源开发与可持续发展所涉及的核心利益相关者（环保部门和农户或企业）的动态博弈分析,得到均衡解,并对均衡解围绕其经济利益展开,进一步分析得到众多结论：农民（企业）在收益下降时会加大对生物资源的不可持续开发;政府、公众和舆论媒体要加大对环保部门的监督;环保部门在存在寻租的情况下,偏向降低处罚力度,让农户过度开发,从中得到贿赂;要确保生物资源合理利用而不被毁灭性的开发,政府部门除了监管要到位,还要对为保护生物资源而承受的贫困给予补偿等。