Homicidal Poisoning in China Using Several Anesthetic Drugs

The authors describe a case of a well‐designed homicidal poisoning in China. A male was treated with starvation, intravenous fluids and antibiotics while in the hospital for acute diarrhea. He suddenly suffered from shortness of breath and subsequently died. A forensic autopsy was carried out, and several specimens were collected for toxicological screening. Propofol was tentatively identified in the blood by GC‐MS. Based on the presence of propofol in the blood, a suspect confessed that two other drugs, namely midazolam and vecuronium, were involved in this murder. Analytical drug quantification was then performed by GC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS. Blood analysis revealed the following: propofol at 0.5 μg/mL, midazolam at 0.098 μg/mL, and vecuronium at 0.10 μg/mL. These results suggest that the cause of death was respiratory depression due to the acute combined effect of several anesthetic drugs administered by the victim's companion.     

Social Pressure Mediates the Negative Impact of Guilt on Fair Allocation in Multi-Party Interactions

Previous research documents the negative effect of guilt on allocation behaviors in three-party dictator games. In these studies, guilty dictators gave more resources to their victims but fewer to third parties. We test whether this allocation behavior reflects greater social pressure from the victim in comparison to a third party (Experiment 1), and whether this pressure is reduced if a guilty dictator must take away resources as opposed to giving resources to the two players (Experiment 2). In two experiments, participants distributed 200 tokens in a three-party dictator game after an experimental manipulation of guilt in which participants learned they caused or did not cause their partner to lose a potential reward. In Experiment 1, dictators randomly assigned to the guilty condition reported more social pressure from the victims. Social pressure differences mediated the relationship between the experimental manipulation of guilt and the distribution of tokens between the dictator’s previous partner and another player. In Experiment 2, guilty dictators randomly assigned to take resources from the other two players reported more social pressure from the new player, and distributed the tokens more fairly between their previous partner and the new player in comparison to guilty dictators required to give resources to the other two players. Participants’ allocation behavior reflects social pressure from victims (created by feelings of guilt) and third parties (which depends upon whether game outcomes for other players are framed as rewards or costs).

     

理事会能够提升社会组织绩效? ——基于全国691家社会服务类组织的实证研究

【问题】社会组织内部治理是其有序、有效参与社会治理的基本前提。针对社会组织内部治理的实证研究并不多,且存在中观与宏观割裂的问题。社会组织内部治理机制究竟如何,内部治理主体多大程度上影响组织目标达成,又如何受到宏观制度环境的影响?【方法】论文使用稳健回归分析数据。数据来自于2019年实施的全国性社会服务类组织调查,该数据采用简单随机抽样方法,涵盖56个规模不等的城市。【发现】(1)理事会治理能力与治理表现既能影响社会组织的财务指标,也显著影响其公共输出。(2)制度环境能够显著调节理事会与组织绩效间的关系。在支持性制度环境中,理事会治理能力、治理表现对组织财务指标和公共输出影响效应被强化。在消极制度环境下,组织自身的成长韧性可能是一种重要的替代机制。【贡献】即使成长于“强制性制度变迁”背景下的社会组织,内部治理结构仍然具备组织共性,核心治理主体能够显著影响组织绩效,尽管这种自主性受到宏观制度环境的塑造。这质疑了关于中国社会组织内部治理结构缺乏规范性、理事会形同虚设的研究结论,也为“依附式”自主这一概念提供了经验支持,增进国家与社会组织关系的整体性理解。     

统一战线是扩大公民有序政治参与的重要途径

统一战线的存在和发展是经济、政治、文化、社会发展的客观要求。全面建设统一战线,其目的就是增强统一战线为社会主义经济、政治、文化、社会建设服务的功能。本文就扩大公民有序政治参与,发挥统一战线政治整合功能,在规范有序中实现社会政治稳定;发挥统一战线联系广泛的优势,在推进公民政治参与的同时提高公民的民主价值观及对主流政治文化的认同感。总之,要充分发挥统一战线凝聚人心,汇聚力量,协调关系,化解矛盾的独特优势和作用,把广大人民群众的智慧和力量凝聚到全面建设小康社会和构建社会主义和谐社会的目标上来。     

论劳动争议案件举证责任

劳动争议案件是民事案件中一个事关社会稳定的重要案件,确定正确的举证责任分担原则对于审理好劳动争议案件具有重要的法律意义和社会意义。《劳动合同法》颁布实施后,不管对于劳动者还是用人单位,都必须具有举证意识,尤其是用人单位如何应对所应承担的举证责任。本文试从劳动争议举证责任制度的变迁,用人单位和劳动者的举证责任分配,新法实施后用人单位的风险应对三个方面进行论述。     

关于生物资源开发与可持续发展的博弈分析

通过对生物资源开发与可持续发展所涉及的核心利益相关者（环保部门和农户或企业）的动态博弈分析,得到均衡解,并对均衡解围绕其经济利益展开,进一步分析得到众多结论：农民（企业）在收益下降时会加大对生物资源的不可持续开发;政府、公众和舆论媒体要加大对环保部门的监督;环保部门在存在寻租的情况下,偏向降低处罚力度,让农户过度开发,从中得到贿赂;要确保生物资源合理利用而不被毁灭性的开发,政府部门除了监管要到位,还要对为保护生物资源而承受的贫困给予补偿等。     

智能化治安卡口的作用及其发展走势

智能化治安卡口是治安卡口的发展方向。在智能化治安卡口的发展中存在着管理体制、工作职能、卡点设置、维护保养、合成作战等方面的不足。公安机关应统一智能化治安卡口的工作职能和管理体制,合理调整卡口设置,实现智能化治安卡口经费保障、警力轮换常态化,促进智能化治安卡口的发展。     

美德缘何不能法律化

尽管美德不能法律化已是学界关于道德法律化限度研究得出的共识之一,然而这一结论的得出仍需进行系统深入的论证。美德之所以不能法律化:从理论上看,是因为美德和法律之间在价值追求、人性假设、效力范围和实现方式上存在着内在冲突。从实践上看,美德法律化会造成混乱法律与道德的区分;会造成社会良知的缺失;会导致司法成本的提高;会致使社会和个人"痛苦"的另类移转。美德不能法律化的启示在于:一个和谐的社会应正确对待法律与美德的关系。     

庭审改革后法庭布局重构之设想

关于如何实现庭审改革后所要达到的诉讼理念 ,我国公检法三家都从改变诉讼观念、提高业务素质去思考 ,而这是不全面的 ,还应从构置合理的法庭布局的角度去理解。构置合理的法庭布局与改变诉讼观念、提高素质是两个同等重要的概念 ,对法庭布局作合理的重构 ,应能起到积极的作用。在此基础上 ,提出重构设想。     

中国大陆刑法和澳门刑法中共同犯罪比较研究

共同犯罪, 是一种相对于单独犯罪而言的更为复杂的犯罪形态,具有更加严重的社会危害性, 历来是各国及地区刑法的锋芒所向。本文对中国大陆和澳门地区刑法关于共同犯罪的立法模式和内容、共同犯罪的概念与构成、共同犯罪人的种类及处罚以及认定和处理共同犯罪的一些特殊问题等进行了比较研究, 并提出可供两地关于共同犯罪的立法和司法借鉴改善之处。