Development of hand-wrist bones of 14 year-old adolescents. II. Standard of bony age for girls

OBJECTIVE: To study the current development of hand-wrist bones of adolescents in China, and establish special forensic bony age standard for estimating 14 years of criminal responsible age in female adolescents. METHODS: One hundred and ten healthy girls aged from 13 years and 9 months to 14 years and 3 months in Lengshuijiang district of Hunan province were enrolled in this study. X-ray films of their left hand-wrists were taken dorsaventrally, and 15 sites on the wrist x-ray films were examined and measured under standard condition. The development grade was confirmed by maximal percentage to establish a method to estimate the bony age, which was then checked by single blind method. RESULTS: Development grade of the radius, the middle third phalanx and the fourth phalanx was partially closed (> 2/3), and the rest was wholly-closed with existence of the epiphyseal line. The development grade of the middle third phalanx and fourth phalanx was different between the younger group (< 14 years, partially closed, > 2/3) and the older group (> 14 years, mostly closed with existence of only epiphyseal line). The cross diameter of the osteoepiphysises were wider than that of all the diaphysises. The confirmed accuracy (in 30 girls) was 83.3%. CONCLUSION: Our study seemes to be feasible in establishing the estimation standard for bony age determination. The standard established by developmental metaphysis and authropometry may be particularly helpful in forensic practice for estimation of accurate criminal responsible age in adolescents.     

挑战与应对:网络知识产权犯罪对传统刑法的影响

网络知识产权犯罪是信息网络与知识产权迅猛发展所带来的衍生品。刑法理论与实务界必须正视网络知识产权犯罪对传统刑法在犯罪目的模式、犯罪对象范围、客观行为模式、危害后果判断标准等方面所提出的挑战,并适时完善相关刑法立法,强化司法规制。     

健康成年人身高全基因组关联及遗传性缺失研究进展

人类身高是由基因与环境等因素共同决定的多基因遗传性状,其遗传率高达80%以上。迄今为止已经发现了一定数量的人类身高相关基因,尤其是全基因组关联分析方法的出现及成功应用,大大加速了这一进程。然而,已发现的SNPs位点仅能解释小部分身高基因变异。本文综述了目前国内外健康成人身高全基因组关联及遗传性缺失研究进展。     

重建耻骨联合三维结构用于活体年龄推断的技术方法

目的建立基于MRI成像的快速耻骨联合三维结构重建技术方法。方法利用3.0 T超导磁共振仪对成年男性志愿者骨盆进行T1小角度快速激发3D梯度回波序列扫描,进行二值化阈值分割、区域增长提取骨盆软组织图像;运算获得耻骨联合三维结构模型雏形,经逆向工程软件降噪处理建立耻骨联合三维结构模型,并与耻骨CT扫描三维结构重建模型进行比较。结果耻骨联合面沟嵴、下端、腹侧缘(斜面)、背侧缘(斜面)、耻骨结节等结构显示完整,无明显噪点,与CT扫描三维重建模型吻合较好。结论 MRI扫描成像可实现快速有效的耻骨联合三维结构重建,可为法医活体年龄推断提供安全无辐射作用的三维可视化影像学技术方法。     

用山地人足迹分析年龄的研究

山地地貌对人体结构形态的影响决定了其特定的足迹形态 ,用其分析年龄的方法不同于平地人足迹分析年龄方法 ,依据这一特性 ,本文研究并制订了利用山地人足迹分析年龄的理论和方法。     

论检察机关司法审查的法理基础

被视为现代“司法国家”典型代表和核心要素的司法审查制度①,其本质是根据宪法原则和法律规定,通过一中立性的司法机构,对立法、行政活动进行审查裁决,以达到制约公权和保障人权之目的。在西方国家乃至世界绝大多数国家,由法院主持司法审查,这是“三权分立”的必然产物,且在这     

哈萨克斯坦的石油地位与中哈油气合作

本文通过对中哈油气合作的必要性和合作现状的分析,可以深刻体会到中哈油气合作的重要性、良好的基础和巨大的发展空间;通过对中哈油气合作互补性的分析,可以很好地把握中哈油气合作的发展方向和趋势,进而将对中哈开展更深入的合作提供明确的思路,为我们在战略层面上取得更大主动权有所裨益。     

Turkish Nationhood: Civic and Ancestral and Cultural

This article challenges two established views in the literature on Turkish nationalism. First, that Turkish nationhood in the early republican era was civic and ethnic and, second, that, while Turkish nationhood was inclusive and egalitarian in constitutional texts, in the early years of the Turkish Republic and in the case of Turkish citizens of Muslim origin, it became exclusive or discriminatory in citizenship practices once the Republic was consolidated and in the case of non-Muslim Turkish citizens. Contra these two established views, I first argue that Turkish nationhood was not civic and ethnic, but it was actually civic and ancestral and cultural. Secondly, relying on an examination of legal texts produced and citizenship practices pursued in the years between 1918 and 1924, I argue that the Turkish nationhood was exclusive and discriminatory both theoretically and practically, on paper as well as in practice, both at the time of the foundation of the republic and once the regime had become consolidated.     

Who Chooses STEM Careers? Using A Relative Cognitive Strength and Interest Model to Predict Careers in Science,Technology, Engineering,and Mathematics

Career aspirations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are formulated in adolescence, making the high school years a critical time period for identifying the cognitive and motivational factors that increase the likelihood of future STEM employment. While past research has mainly focused on absolute cognitive ability levels in math and verbal domains, the current study tested whether relative cognitive strengths and interests in math, science, and verbal domains in high school were more accurate predictors of STEM career decisions. Data were drawn from a national longitudinal study in the United States (N?=?1762; 48?% female; the first wave during ninth grade and the last wave at age 33). Results revealed that in the high-verbal/high-math/high-science ability group, individuals with higher science task values and lower orientation toward altruism were more likely to select STEM occupations. In the low-verbal/moderate-math/moderate-science ability group, individuals with higher math ability and higher math task values were more likely to select STEM occupations. The findings suggest that youth with asymmetrical cognitive ability profiles are more likely to select careers that utilize their cognitive strengths rather than their weaknesses, while symmetrical cognitive ability profiles may grant youth more flexibility in their options, allowing their interests and values to guide their career decisions.     

"文革"时期群众组织产生与社会心理探析

"文革"时期群众组织从其产生直至消亡自始至终制约着"文革"的发展过程。本文以社会心理学的视角对这场运动加以审视,力图说明"文革"时期群众组织的产生,有着广泛的社会心态基础。探究"文革"时期广大民众参加组织所蕴含价值取向的心理特征,对正在向现代化迈进的中国国民有着深刻的反思意义。