Reforming China's Stock Market: Institutional Change Chinese Style

In this article we examine the dual-track pricing system in China's stock market since its inauguration, a legacy of its economic transition and a major source of institutional predation in the market. We then examine the share structure reform initiated in 2005 that sought to eliminate the distortion this predation had elicited. We interpret the reform push as a process of institutional change and focus on the drivers and theoretical explanations of such changes in China's stock market. We thus advance a model for understanding institutional change, Chinese style. We argue that, initially, the institutional arrangement was constructed by the dynamics of transition – the juxtaposition of the Leninist state and the emerging stock market. This provided huge incentives for state corruption in the emerging market. As the market transition proceeded, the societal and political costs of corruption and market distortion also grew, which produced a crisis that eventually attracted the attention of powerful leaders of the party state. We argue from this case that the broader political context in which specific examples of institutional change occur needs to be examined. Specifically, we argue that powerful agents who are external to given institutional environments can play an important role in institutional change, thus highlighting the political dynamics of an authoritarian state amid systemic transition and global integration.     

萨特自由理论的发展轨迹

萨特的自由理论有一个阶段性发展的过程,主要经历了本体论的自由－个人的绝对自由到实践中的自由——行动介入的自由的转变。历史渊源、社会环境、童年生活是其绝对自由观念形成的主要原因,随着社会发展以及他本人生活经历的转折。最终形成了社会历史条件下的自由观。     

“义庄”:创建现代农村家族邻里互助养老模式的重要参鉴——基于社会资本的视角

基于从社会资本的视角分析我国古代以义庄为载体的农村家族邻里互助养老模式得以成功运行的原因、实践及历史进程,目前在农村养老形势严峻、家庭养老模式独木难支的情况下,以NG0形式开展现代农村家族邻里互助养老可以成为多支柱农村养老模式中重要的一极,这将有利于激活和培育乡土社会中的社会资本为农村养老事业服务并增强农村社会的凝聚力和社会和谐.     

第一代独生子女婚姻生育选择及对未来人口和家庭结构的影响——兼与庄渝霞商榷生育政策调整的可行性

随着第一代独生子女进入婚育年龄,产生大量的双独家庭、单独家庭,不同家庭类型的变化将引起政策生育率自然回升,如果考虑到有部分家庭放弃生育二孩,则意愿生育率会低于政策生育率。本文从独生子女婚育选择的角度出发,使用相关调查数据分析,发现由双独家庭所产生"4-2-1"家庭的数目受政策微调生育的影响较小,政策微调可以大幅度降低一孩家庭的比例,二孩家庭比例的增加无疑会降低家庭风险,且不会大规模地增加出生人口数量,因此,中国应当对生育政策进行微调,增强人口结构的合理性。     

基础设施市场化供给机制研究——以浙江高速公路为例

如何有效地向社会提供基础设施等公共产品,是当前建设服务型政府所面临的现实困境.运用市场化机制向社会提供基础设施,可以提高基础设施供给效率,缓解政府财政支出压力,改善政府职能,推进行政体制改革.本文通过分析浙江省高速公路市场化供给机制,从理论与实践相结合的视角,探讨在发挥市场机制积极作用的同时,如何优化政府与市场在基础设施供给中的功能.     

经济观的变迁与经济信息主义

信息时代的人类经济活动发生了许多重要的变化,使得经济学理论及经济观也随之变迁,其中最重要的就是信息纳入到经济学的视野和信息经济观的形成,在此基础上还进一步出现了经济信息主义的倾向,需要我们加以深入的研究。     

东北综合经济区提升为高新技术产业基地的实证分析

东北综合经济区必须抓住机遇,依托产业、人才、地缘等优势,加快高新技术产业基地建设。解决目前存在的区域金融环境恶化、自主创新能力薄弱、人才机制建设落后、政府服务意识低下等不利于高新技术产业发展的问题应着重以下方面：积极拓展国际合作,主动寻求国际技术支持;改善区域金融环境,保障科技发展的资金支持;实施人才强区战略,为科技发展提供智力支持;提高自主创新能力,突破科学技术发展瓶颈;强化政府服务意识,形成政产学研一体化局面。     

多重三边关系影响下的中亚地区

作者通过总结和分析中亚的态势,提出在中亚存在的多重三边关系.首先,作为中亚区域的核心三角关系:例如在上海合作组织框架下的中亚国家、俄罗斯、中国三边关系; 其次,跨欧亚区域的三边关系,包括俄罗斯、欧洲、中亚国家,其中包含俄罗斯、中国、印度等国家; 第三,全球层面的三边关系,例如:俄罗斯、美国、中国的关系,俄罗斯、欧洲、美国的关系.从长远来看,中亚地区内部的多元化以及外部的多样化共同深刻地影响这个区域的发展.作为中亚外部环境的基本形式,三边关系应以尊重国家基本安全利益为目标,并考虑在不可避免的合作与竞争的外部行为过程中采用共同的价值标准.     

Intellectual property provisions and support for US trade agreements

Intellectual property rights are a key piece of the expanded trade agenda, and the United States has pushed hard to strengthen protections beyond WTO standards in its trade agreements. While agreement provisions governing intellectual property are commonly thought to be an important driver of corporate preferences over US trade policy, systematic empirical evidence for this proposition, especially in comparison to other determinants of trade policy, is generally lacking. To fill this void, this paper examines variation in reliance on intellectual property across US industries to explain attitudes and lobbying on US trade agreements. The effects of IP provisions on support for US trade agreements are politically substantial, though trade remains the primary determinant of preferences over trade agreements.     

Prospect theory,operational code analysis,and risk-taking behaviour: a new model of China’s crisis behaviour

Integrating prospect theory and operational code analysis, this paper introduces an innovative approach to studying the decision making of Chinese leaders during crises. The unique contribution of this paper is to adopt the methodology of operational code analysis to measure the domain of actions of policy makers in the application of prospect theory. We suggest that leaders’ operational code beliefs can help us to identify in which domain of actions (gains or losses) leaders are located during crises. Xi Jinping experienced two notable foreign policy crises in 2014, the ‘oil rig’ crisis with Vietnam and the ‘P-8 crisis’ with the United States, which are examined in detail to illustrate Xi’s operational code beliefs and risk-taking behaviour of ‘confident accommodation’ behaviour during crises. To test the process validity of integrating operational code analysis and prospect theory, Hu Jintao’s operational code beliefs and crisis behaviour in 2011–2012 are then compared to Xi’s beliefs and decisions in this study of China’s crisis behaviour.