Pitfalls of Computed Tomography 3D Reconstruction Models in Cranial Nonmetric Analysis*

Many studies in the literature have highlighted the utility of virtual 3D databanks as a substitute for real skeletal collections and the important application of radiological records in personal identification. However, none have investigated the accuracy of virtual material compared to skeletal remains in nonmetric variant analysis using 3D models. The present study investigates the accuracy of 20 computed tomography (CT) 3D reconstruction models compared to the real crania, focusing on the quality of the reproduction of the real crania and the possibility to detect 29 dental/cranial morphological variations in 3D images. An interobserver analysis was performed to evaluate trait identification, number, position, and shape. Results demonstrate a false bone loss in 3D models in some cranial regions, specifically the maxillary and occipital bones in 85% and 20% of the samples. Additional analyses revealed several difficulties in the detection of cranial nonmetric traits in 3D models, resulting in incorrect identification in circa 70% of the traits. In particular, pitfalls included the detection of erroneous position, error in presence/absence rates, in number, and in shape. The lowest percentages of correct evaluations were found in traits localized in the lateral side of the cranium and for the infraorbital suture, mastoid foramen, and crenulation. The present study highlights important pitfalls in CT scan when compared with the real crania for nonmetric analysis. This may have crucial consequences in cases where 3D databanks are used as a source of reference population data for nonmetric traits and pathologies and during bone-CT comparisons for identification purposes.     

国际秩序与中美战略竞争

当今国际格局的最显著变化,就是新兴市场国家和发展中国家的群体性崛起以及中国与世界主要国家间力量对比的变化。就中美当前的实力地位和国际影响力而言,中美战略竞争中短期内还难以决定性地改变当前的国际秩序。中国即便对美国的贸易霸凌主义和在亚太地区的霸权主义军事及安全行动采取斗争的回应方式,也并不意味着两国无法合作、或中美关系已进入国际秩序变革的主导权之争。中美战略竞争的同时,经贸往来和必要的合作仍会发展。中美战略竞争会影响权力、观念和行为方式的调整变化,其走势将在相当程度上影响国际秩序的稳定和变革。但未来国际秩序的变革并非只取决于中美,世界主要国家间的互动关系和战略选择,将决定性地影响中美战略竞争的走势和未来国际秩序的演变进程。     

IgE死后生化学检测的研究现状及应用展望

过敏性休克导致死亡的案例在法医学实践中常有发生,然而由于缺少特异的病理形态学指征,导致过敏性休克死亡的法医学鉴定面临一定的困难。IgE作为介导I型超敏反应的关键介质,其死后生化学检测对过敏性休克死亡案例的法医学鉴定具有辅助作用。但在实际应用中,血液等检材常受溶血等死后变化因素影响,尤其我国尸体保存以冷冻为主,溶血程度更加严重,对IgE等生化学指标的检测造成极大干扰。本文就目前IgE死后生化学检测的研究现状、生物学检材的选取及检测方法进行综述,并对现实应用中所面临的问题进行探讨。     

犯罪经济学视角下拐卖儿童犯罪问题研究

拐卖儿童犯罪摧残儿童及其家庭,与新时代平安法治中国建设相悖,如何遏制问题再发生意义重大。我国的"反拐"工作在持续紧抓,但发案仍有增量,源在存有拐卖儿童的犯罪市场,且该犯罪市场"供需+利益"链条完整,更为重要的是,实施拐卖儿童犯罪成本与收益悬殊。为根除该问题,应从近年所发生的拐卖儿童事件切入,以犯罪经济学为剖析视角,构建成本—收益模型,深挖问题行为背后的经济动因。在此基础上,提出防治该犯罪问题的有效对策。     

From environmental policy concepts to practicable tools: Knowledge creation and delegation in multilevel systems

The problem‐solving capacity and problem‐generating potential of multilevel systems entail the need for the delegation of authority. When the problem concerned is about how to put an abstract policy concept into a practicable policy tool, the choice of the respective delegation trajectory depends on the policy models or the policy‐relevant knowledge that the respective political levels can supply. When regarding the European Union (EU) level as the starting point of knowledge creation and delegation trajectories, and concentrating on transaction costs, policy knowledge and models generated at the international level provide the most cost‐effective solution. Only when the international level is not able to provide further policy knowledge and innovation does the EU delegate its definitional authority, first downward to the member states and then sideways to EU agencies. We illustrate the plausibility of our dynamic understanding of multilevel governance by using Environmental Policy Integration as an example.     

"富二代"的形成与群体特征分析

"富二代"群体逐步进入社会公众的视野,引起了社会的普遍关注.本文论述了"富二代"群体形成的若干影响因素,分析了"富二代"群体所具有的若干典型特征,并就与"富二代"群体相关的领域提出若干值得进一步深入研究的议题.     

“两型”社会建设背景下土地开发外部性及其政策创新——以武汉城市圈为例

土地开发的外部性是行为主体在土地开发过程中对其他人或厂商的效用函数、生产函数造成影响的情况.本文在武汉城市圈"两型"社会建设的背景下探讨了土地开发外部性的内涵和变化特征,对土地差异化开发中的外部性问题进行了分析,由于土地开发外部性测度理论的逐渐发展,研究认为通过政策创新能够实现外部性内部化,提出了土地开发的税收政策、补偿政策的建议.     

论马克思主义实践观的存在论维度——与董学文、陈诚先生商榷之二

马克思的实践观中不但确确实实包含着存在论维度和内涵,而且他的与实践观紧密结合的存在论思想还为现代存在论的建立和发展作出了开创性的贡献,同时也为我们当前和今后的美学、文艺学研究及发展切实开启了一种崭新的可能性."实践存在论"美学,正是以马克思唯物史观固有的存在论思想及其与实践观的结合为理论基础的.     

在京部分专家学者谈“中东北非局势动荡及对我影响”

2011年2月8日,和平与发展研究中心召开“中东北非局势动荡及对我影响”研讨会,邀请在京部分著名专家学者参加。现将他们的主要观点刊登如下,以飨读者。     

和谐社会构建过程中的法制发展

法理学的学术研究总是和社会实践、主导性社会意识形态的发展有着直接的关联.2006年的法理学研究又取得了新的进步,这是对于社会发展的理论回应.