马克思社会发展理论的方法论变革的当代思考

哲学的实践论转向是马克思社会发展理论方法论变革的深层理论动因.哲学的实践论转向带来发展理论方法论的变革.方法论变革使马克思解决了发展中理性缺失和价值缺失的问题,实现了发展的理性维度和价值维度的辩证统一,从而找到了实现人类解放的社会发展之路.马克思社会发展理论的方法论变革为构建和谐社会提供了方法论指导.     

Nuclear Proliferation in the Post-Cold War Era

Nuclear weapons look set to stay with us, fulfilling as they do a different role from that of conventional weapons, in terms of their deadly potential for massive destruction. Indeed, nuclear weapons served as a stabilizing force during the hostile Cold War period. Sine the end of the Cold War, our world has undergone huge changes. Relative peace continues to be maintained on the basis of the logic of a ＂balance of terror＂, but the nuclear cloud hanging over human beings has never quite left us. Both the U.S. and Russia retain large nuclear arsenals, and a significant number of state and non-state actors on the stage of world politics continue to show interest in this lethal weapon. So-called ＂nuclear crises＂ flare up and test the wodd＇s nerves every now and again, and with some major nuclear powers continuing to make adjustments to their nuclear policies, the world nuclear proliferation position appears to be undergoing significant and profound change and transformation. In this article the author intends to help readers to become acquainted with the nuclear status quo as well as the characteristics of post-Cold War nuclear proliferation. The author also aims to help readers to understand the causes of the post-Cold War nuclear proliferation.     

线粒体16SrRNA和Cytb基因复合扩增进行种属鉴定

目的 建立一种用于种属鉴定的线粒体DNA16SrRNA基因和细胞色素b基因荧光标记复合扩增检测体系。方法 利用引物设计软件Primer 5．0对mtDNA序列的16SrRNA基因和细胞色素b基因各设计一对引物,建立复合扩增体系,分别扩增人和牛、猪、狗、鸡、草鱼5种常见动物,用310遗传分析仪对产物进行分析。结果 人和5种动物DNA扩增产物均出现两个峰。Cytb通用引物的扩增产物为人与动物的共有峰,为358bp;16SrRNA基因的扩增产物为人与动物间存在位置差异的特异峰,位于231～256bp之间。结论 该复合扩增体系可以明确区分人和5种动物样本,可用于种属鉴定。     

生物样品分析方法的有效性验证

对于新建立的生物样品分析方法,首先必须进行方法有效性验证。生物样品分析方法有效性验证内容应包括选择性、线性、准确度、精密度、检测限、最低定量限、稳定性和提取回收率等。应用LC-MS^n方法时还应验证基质效应。根据T2007国际法庭毒理年会上关于生物样品分析方法有效性验证讨论的主要内容,作者结合实际工作中的经验,阐述方法有效性验证的详细过程。可供建立生物样品分析方法时参考。     

职务犯罪案件审查逮捕方式的改革和完善

职务犯罪审查逮捕方武的改革与完善,对于正在进行的刑事诉讼法修改和司法体制改革都将有极为重要的影响.在当前职务犯罪的势头尚未得到有效遏制的情况下,对检察机关审查决定逮捕权力的去留应持特别慎重的态度.通过设立逮捕权的监督程序,赋予被捕人充分的权利交涉程序,建立被捕人最终的司法救济程序,改革和完善职务犯罪案件审查逮捕方式.     

英语教学模式整合的思路与分析

随着时代的进步、社会需求的改变和公安院校的发展,英语教学模式的整合将成为公安院校英语教育和英语教学改革的一个重要组成部分,而英语教学模式的整合应以加强学生英语交际能力培养、加强学生跨文化意识、继续加强学生英语知识的培养为切入点。     

Genetic polymorphisms and phylogenetic analyses of the Ü-Tsang Tibetan from Lhasa based on 30 slowly and moderately mutated Y-STR loci

As a result of the expansion of old Tibet on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tibetans diverged into three main branches, Ü-Tsang, Amdo, and Kham Tibetan. Ü-Tsang Tibetans are geographically distributed across the wide central and western portions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau while Lhasa is the central gathering place for Tibetan culture. The AGCU Y30, a 6-dye fluorescence kit including 30 slowly and moderately mutated Y-STR loci, has been validated for its stability and sensitivity in different biomaterials and diverse Chinese populations (Han and other minorities), and widely used in the practical work of forensic science. However, the 30 Y-STR profiling of Tibetan, especially for Ü-Tsang Tibetan, were insufficient. We utilized the AGCU Y30 to genotype 577 Ü-Tsang Tibetan unrelated males from Lhasa in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to fill up the full and accurate Y-STR profiles. A total of 552 haplotypes were observed, 536 (97.10%) of which were unique. One hundred and ninety-four alleles were observed at 26 single copy loci and the allelic frequencies ranged from 0.0017 to 0.8180. For the two multi-copy loci DYS385a/b and DYS527a/b, 64 and 36 allelic combinations were observed, respectively. The gene diversity (GD) values ranged from 0.3079 at DYS391 to 0.9142 at DYS385a/b and the overall haplotype diversity (HD) was 0.9998, and its discrimination capacity (DC) was 0.9567. The population genetic analyses demonstrated that Lhasa Ü-Tsang Tibetan had close relationships with other Tibetan populations from Tibet and Qinghai, especially with Ü-Tsang Tibetan. From the perspective of Y haplogroups, the admixture of the southward Qiang people with dominant haplogroup O-M122 and the northward migrations of the initial settlers of East Asia with haplogroup D-M175 hinted the Sino-Tibetan homologous, thus, we could not ignore the gene flows with other Sino-Tibetan populations, especially for Han Chinese, to characterize the forensic genetic landscape of Tibetan.     

个人所得税法的空筐结构与规范续造

个人所得税法呈现"空筐"外观,实施条例及财税规范性文件循解释执行上位法、依授权制定规则、补充漏洞、创制规则四条进路实施规范续造。地方人大、政府的制度内规则创设权极其有限。税收事项技术性常被作为证成剩余立法权的理由,但此非充要条件。在组织财政收入的传统目标外,调控功能的植入吁求个税规则一定的灵活性。地区间差异使"净额所得"导向的个税规则应有区别,因地制宜的治理实践同样在应然层面消解税权集中的合理性。我国应区分财政目的规范与管制诱导性规范,施以不同程度的法定要求;在纵向适当授权的同时,在横向维度,于四条规范续造路径中分别甄选适于两类规范者。对各类规范续造,都要强化实体和程序控制,并建构审查机制。     

生态司法修复机制的完善

环境犯罪作为对水源、土壤、大气等生态环境破坏较为严重的犯罪类型,不仅需要适用较为严厉的刑事制裁措施,而且需要救济修复受损的生态环境。司法机关在梳理分析生态司法修复机制运行过程中存在的修复标准不统一、修复方式单一、监督不完善、修复效果不明显等问题基础上,提出实践操作性较强的解决方案,进一步完善生态修复工作机制,实现环境犯罪案件办理生态效果、社会效果、法律效果的统一。     

新自由主义、金融危机与金融监管体制之变革

新自由主义理念支配下的华尔街金融创新日新月异,金融市场"高度繁荣"。受此影响,监管领域出现了反监管思潮,其逻辑后果便是市场与政府(监管)出现双重失灵,金融危机爆发并蔓延。美国金融监管权力配置的欠缺导致监管冲突与监管真空;监管成本与监管收益不匹配;监管部门组成人员配置不合理。在全球金融体制风云变幻的今天,汲取美国教训、完善我国金融监管体制应重点关注:信守保护投资者和消费者之市场永恒价值真谛;建立宏观审慎监管体制以应对系统性风险;通过内部控制与外部监管,完善金融机构治理;构建对监管者之"监管"制度;重点监管民间金融和影子银行系统。