Identification of impurities and statistical classification of methamphetamine tablets (Ya-Ba) seized in Thailand

Impurity profiles of methamphetamine tablets seized in Thailand have been investigated. The samples are extracted with small amounts of ethyl acetate under alkaline condition and the extracts are analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. Nine compounds (1,2-dimethyl-3-phenylaziridine, ephedrine, methylephedrine, N-formylmethamphetamine, N-acetylmethamphetamine, N-formylephedrine, N-acetylephedrine, N,O-diacetylephedrie, methamphetamine dimer) are identified as impurities in methamphetamine tablet. Caffeine and ethyl vanillin are also detected as diluents and/or adulterants, and acetylcodeine monoacetylmorphine and diacetylmorphine are contained in many samples. In addition, trans-3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolidone is newly found as an impurity. For characterization and comparison of methamphetamine tablet exhibits, intensely and commonly detectable nine peaks are selected as the factor for multivariate analysis. The procedures reported here permit classification of 250 analyzed exhibits into five groups and characterization of classified groups.     

中国的后李斯特主义崛起

虽然对于中国崛起已经有很多讨论,但是对中国崛起的含义仍有争议。争论的关键在于中国崛起是对全球范围的新自由主义霸权的挑战还是进一步巩固了全球范围的新自由主义霸权。本文批判地考察了激进全球化理论的一些关键假设,具体来说,就是中国代表着另一种形式的"竞争型国家",其发展抱负已经从根本上受到全球"新     

青少年刑事司法视野中的英国骚乱处置研究——以2011年8月伦敦骚乱处置为分析对象

2011年8月,伦敦北部托特纳姆区暴发大规模骚乱,并席卷伦敦和整个英格兰地区的多个大城市.青少年是暴乱的主要参与者,并乘着社会秩序的混乱,大肆打砸抢,造成了大量的人身和财产上的损害.在本案后续的刑事司法处置过程中,法院侧重于考察青少年群体性暴力整体、罪行恶性程度、社会和谐秩序受损程度,而不应该过多虑及暴乱参与者的原始动机.这种司法处置策略与英格兰地区长期以来处理大型暴乱的一贯刑事审判方针是一脉相承的.这对我国处理2012年10月中日钓鱼岛事件引发的打砸抢等影响社会安全的突发事件——尤其是对于当前尚未进行的刑事审判活动——具有积极的参考意义.     

中国崛起与亚太各国(地区)的反应:软平衡与融合

美刊《当代中国》(Journal of Contemporary China)2012年1月号刊登了澳大利亚墨尔本大学社会与政治学院副教授徳里克·麦克道高尔(Derek McDougall)的论文,原文标题为《中国崛起与东亚地区各国的反应:软平衡与融合》。这里的东亚是一个广义的概念,泛指整个亚太地区。     

The Use of the MacCAT-CA with Adolescents: An Item Response Theory Investigation of Age-Related Measurement Bias

Despite the application of the MacCAT-CA to juveniles, questions been raised regarding the appropriateness of this tool for adolescents. The current study tested for age-related measurement bias using data from the MacArthur Juvenile Adjudicative Competence Study (n = 1393). Five of the MacCAT-CA items showed age-related measurement bias (i.e., DIF) for adolescents aged 11–15, and three items showed DIF for adolescents aged 16–17. Several items (e.g., understanding of juries) were more difficult for adolescents than adults matched at the same latent level of capacity, suggesting that these items might underestimate adolescents’ legal capacities. Contrary to expectations, there was little evidence of age-related measurement bias on the Appreciation scale. The use of the MacCAT-CA in research and clinical settings is discussed.

A novel method for the identification of saliva by detecting oral streptococci using PCR

We have used DNA amplification methods to detect common oral bacterial strains to test for the presence of saliva in forensic samples. Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mutans were detected in various forms of saliva samples, whereas these streptococci were not detected in semen, urine, vaginal fluid, or on skin surfaces. Therefore, we demonstrated that these streptococci are promising new marker for the forensic identification of saliva. Our data indicated that S. salivarius is more reliable than S. mutans as an indicator of saliva presence, because the detection rates for S. salivarius and S. mutans by this method were 100% and 90%, respectively. Furthermore, S. salivarius was detected in all saliva stain samples, whereas S. mutans was only identified in 60% of the stains. Finally, using this method we were able to successfully detect S. salivarius and S. mutans in mock forensic samples. We therefore suggested that this method is useful for the identification of saliva in forensic science.     

Human rights, ethical principles, and standards in forensic psychology

Human rights create a protective zone around persons and allow them the opportunity to further their valued personal projects without interference from others. This article considers the relationship between human rights and the general ethical principles and standards contained in the American Psychological Association's (APA's) code of ethics as applied to the forensic domain. First, it analyzes the concept of human rights, their structure, and their justification. Second, it briefly describes the APA's most recent code of ethics and the principles and standards that compose it. Third, it concludes by explicitly examining the relationship between the present human rights model and the APA's code, demonstrating how it is able to provide an additional ethical resource for forensic practitioners in their clinical work and so deepen their ethical sensibilities and decision making. Finally, the article presents a case study and discusses the human rights issues confronting practitioners inherent in such situations.     

The development of a sexual abuse severity score: characteristics of childhood sexual abuse associated with trauma symptomatology, somatization, and alcohol abuse

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is common and is associated with both mental and physical health problems in adulthood. Using data from an age- and sex-stratified population survey of 600 Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents, a Sexual Abuse Severity Score was developed. The abuse characteristics of 156 CSA respondents were associated with self-reported trauma, somatization, and alcohol use. Characteristics included age of first sexual abuse, more than one perpetrator, degree of coercion, severity of abuse (i.e., attempted intercourse is more severe than fondling), and the number of occurrences. This is one of the few reports to develop a risk summary that quantifies the severity of CSA.