清代律例中的犯罪自首问题

犯罪自首制度,早在我国奴隶社会就已萌芽,如《尚书·康诰》“既道极厥辜,时乃不可杀”,说的就是犯罪后向有关部门彻底交待自己罪行,从而减、免其刑罚。秦汉时期,律称自首为“自出”或“自告”,如《汉书·衡山刘赐传》载有“闻律先自告,除其罪”。可见秦、汉时期已将犯罪自首载诸律文。到三国时期,诸葛孔明治蜀,即采取“服罪输情者,虽重必释”之策。于此可见一斑。唐律根据前代经验,在其名例律“犯罪未发自首”条中,分为自首、他人代首、自首不实不尽和不属于自首范围的几种犯罪等项内容,明律在唐律基础上另外增加了“于事主处首服”和“捕获同伴解官”的内容。明律的这一规定,比唐律有了显著进步,因为这两点的施行,对犯罪分子来说,起到分化瓦解的作用。     

Induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in two kinds of rats asphyxiation death models

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-alpha) in the heart, lung, liver and kidney in rats died of two typical models of asphyxia. METHODS: Two asphyxia models were made and tissue samples of the dead rats were collected from different groups at various postmortem duration. The expression and the changes of HIF1-alpha in various tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and image analysis techniques. Results Significant expression of HIF1-alpha was observed in the myocardial fibers, kidney cells, liver cells and lung cells in both asphyxia models, but not in the control group. The expression of HIF1-alpha in various tissues in the rat died of nitrogen gas breathing was found in the nuclei at 0 hour and the expression level decreased gradually thereafter. The HIF1-alpha expression level and duration in various tissues of the rat died of hanging were higher and longer than that of the former group, with a peak of the expression level observed 6 hours after death, and then started to decline in all tissues except the heart where the expression still showed an increase 24 hours after death. The control groups showed a steady expression in the cytoplasm but not in the nuclei. CONCLUSION: HIF1-alpha appears to be a valuable biomarker in the diagnosis of asphyxia within 24 hours after death.     

大革命时期毛泽东的农村调查

民主革命时期．毛泽东极为注重农村调查,正是由于对中国当时社会情形有着透彻的了解和认识．所以才能在“众人皆醉”的社会氛围中．号准中国农村的脉,准确把握革命规律．从而找到一条符合中国国情的革命道路。     

东北地区“公开建党”进程分析

“公开建党”是相对于秘密建党方式而言的,它是新中国建立前后出现的具有特定内涵的历史名词。自1947年全国土地会议后,东北地区就率先对公开建党进行了有益探索。纵观东北地区的公开建党进程,主要经历了零星发展、大量发展和巩固发展三个阶段。     

Breaking the Shackles of Private Prisons

Private prisons in the United States have long been the topic of controversy,for example over their role in housing undocumented immigrants and asylum seekers at the U.S.-Mexico border.Several states have banned them,some banks have vowed to stop financing them and more than one presidential candidate has pledged to end them at the federal level.     

奋斗百年路 启航新征程 五四运动为什么是新民主主义革命的开端

2021年,奋进的中国迈上新的征程,奋斗的中国共产党迎来百年华诞。百年征程波澜壮阔,百年初心历久弥坚。百年来,中国共产党在内忧外患中诞生,在磨难挫折中成长,在攻坚克难中壮大,不断从胜利走向胜利。     

GC—MS同时测定血液中苯海索、氯丙嗪和氯氮平

目的建立GC—MS同时测定血液中苯海索、氯丙嗪和氯氮平的方法。方法血液中加入内标SKFszs。．在pH〉10条件下用V（苯）：v（乙酸乙酯）=1：l提取,用GC—MS全扫描法进行定性检测：以地西泮一d;为内标,样品在pH〉10条件下用V（苯）：v（乙酸乙酯）=l：1提取,用GC—MS选择离子监测方法进行定量检测．结果苯海索、氯丙嗪和氯氮平在20～10000ng／mL范围内呈线性关系,最小检测限分别为0．3、0．3和0．7n幽L（信噪比≥3）,方法回收率为79．9％～85．5％,日内、日间精密度均小于5．1％。结论本方法可同时分析血液中苯海索、氯丙嗪和氯氮平,方法灵敏度高、快速、操作简便,适用于苯海索、氯丙嗪和氯氮平的血药浓度监测和急性中喜案件竹枪测     

“9.11”事件后美国反恐战略和策略的变化

“9·11”事件以其特殊的方式和造成的严重后果成为震惊世界的超级恐怖活动。此后,美国政府采取了许多重大的反恐怖措施,其反恐斗争的战略和策略也有了重大的变化。这些变化不仅意味着美国对其安全战略做了重大的调整,有的变化实际上超出了反恐的范畴和需要,特别是其核战略的变化,是为其称霸全球的战略服务的,将对世界安全格局产生冲击。     

民族语文教学与民族发展繁荣之我见

民族语文教学,这里是指在贵州的少数民族聚居地区用苗文、布依文、侗文和彝文进行教学。当前,用民族语文在民族地区进行教学,对民族的发展繁荣有着它现实的和深远的意义。毛泽东曾经说过“没有文化的军队是愚蠢的军队。”是不是可以这样说,没有文化的民族永远是一个落后的民族呢?笔者认为,是的。一个国家,一个民族的发展繁荣的主要标志,是经济繁荣和科学技术的进步。经济繁荣离不开科学技术的进步。科学技术的进步则又是以做好基础教育为前提。所谓“百年大计,教育为本”。只有抓好教育,提高各民族的文