Fatty degeneration of myocardial cells as a sign of death due to hypothermia versus degenerative deposition of lipofuscin

Lipid-deposits in internal organs, e.g. nephrons, are discussed as reliable marker to determine hypothermia as cause of death. While investigations concerning lipid vacuoles in the epithelium of the renal tubules are already published, there is no systematic information available about hypothermia and lipid deposits in cardiomyocytes. Therefore, this retrospective study presents the first results of lipid-stainings of myocardial samples taken by autopsies in hypothermia-cases in comparison to samples from a control group. It was the aim of the study to clarify the conceivable causal relationship between death due to hypothermia and lipid-deposits apart from lipofuscin and fatty degeneration, respectively, in cardiomyocytes.     

Virtopsy hemorrhage of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle by blunt force to the neck in postmortem multislice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

In forensic autopsies, one of the most important and common signs of violence to the neck is hemorrhages of the soft tissues. The Institute of Forensic Medicine in Bern evaluates the usefulness of postmortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of forensic cases prior to autopsy. The aim of this study was to prove the sensitivity of postmortem MSCT and MRI in the detection of hemorrhages of the neck muscles. A full body scan prior to and a detailed scan of the explanted larynx after autopsy were performed. MSCT detected multiple fractures of the larynx. Detailed MRI was able to demonstrate the hemorrhage of the left posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. The minor hemorrhage of the right posterior cricoarytenoid muscle could not be detected with certainty. Although more experience is required, we conclude that combined MRI and MSCT examination is a useful tool for documentation and examination of neck muscle hemorrhages in forensic cases.     

Messenger RNA profiling: a novel method for body fluid identification by real-time PCR

Conventional methods for the identification of different body fluids like blood, semen and saliva from biological stains involve immunological or enzymatic detection of certain proteins. In this study, we investigated potential RNA markers with the aim of developing Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods to allow differentiation between several body fluids. Total RNA samples from artificially stained swabs and from various pieces of evidence from case work were extracted, amplified and analyzed with several RNA markers. Three assays detecting the body fluids of interest were selected: hemoglobin-alpha locus 1 (HBA), kallikrein 3 (KLK) and mucin 4 (MUC). With this approach, we demonstrate that specific Real-Time PCR assays are useful in identifying the source of the biological stain. Furthermore, RNA profiling of various body fluids was even possible on samples stored over a long period of time at ambient temperature. The stability and sensitivity of the applied method outlines a novel application for Real-Time PCR within the forensic field.     

Genetic variation of 15 STR autosomal loci in the Maracaibo population from Venezuela

Allele frequencies for 15 short tandem repeats (STRs) autosomal loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA, included in the AmpFLSTR Identifiler, Applied Biosystems) were studied in the city of Maracaibo, Venezuela and were compared with other published Latin-American populations for the same loci. Population and forensic parameters were estimated.     

苏维埃民法中的民事法律关系

苏联专家玛·克依里洛娃曾于本年四月初在上海讲学,这是她的第一次报告.本文是根据当时口译记录下来,整理后送本刊发表的.原文未经报告人核对,如有错误,由记录人负责.     

各种鉴定意见的证据意义

鉴定人的意见是苏维埃刑事诉讼中的一种证据,它对揭发犯罪和认定案情有着重大意义.因此,应当向鉴定人的工作和他的意见提出一定的要求,以便保证正确地作出反映真实的结论.这些要求可以表述如下:第一,鉴定人用演绎法进行研究时所引用的作为大前提的原理和材料,应当严格地符合建立在用事实现象检证过的苏维埃科学最新成就的基础上.例如,"犯罪对策学中的同一认定,只能依靠那些已为实践检验过的并且本身是具有科学根据的材料."实践范畴造成我们认识相对性的这种情况,并不排斥作出反映真实结论的可能性.列宁说过:"……不要忘记:实践标准实质上决不能完全地确证或驳倒人的任何表象.这个标准同样是这样地'不确定'以便不致使人底知识变成'绝对',可是同时它又是这样地确定,以便和一切各种各样的唯心论与不可知论进行无情的斗争."第二,在作出鉴定结论时用作小前提的案情,应当在客观上是真实的.     

论工人阶级

关于工人阶级的概念“要按特性给工人阶级下个固定不变的定义是徒劳的。工人阶级只能按其在特定社会的生产或社会经济关系中,特别是按其在发展过程中的性质加以定义。”“有些观点认为,工人阶级是由那些具有‘剩余劳动’,直接创造剩余价值的人构成。如照字面理解,工人阶级就只是由在物质生产中的体力劳动者构成,因为只有体力劳动者才直接从事全社会的劳动。我认为,这个定义是侧重把工人阶级的概念局限于体力劳动……”     

英国汽车在柬埔寨的市塲上很有销路

1962年间,柬埔寨从英国进口的貨值达1亿零9百万瑞爾(柬元,下同),占柬埔寨进口总值的3.2％,此1961年英国所取得的成就(4.5％)減少甚多。泰晤士·商人牌(Thames Trader)卡車和馬塞·弗古逊牌(Massey Fergusson)拖拉机佔車辆进口值的4,150万瑞爾。 泰晤士牌卡車在当地市場上很暢銷,因为它每辆的售价(包括征稅)才20万瑞爾,而美国卡車的售价是26万瑞爾。侭管和柬埔寨签訂了貿易協定的社会主义国家有意在这方面进行竞爭,但无法和英国的泰晤士·商人牌卡車相对抗。     

文莱1964年的財政預算

根据文莱国家财政官员李约翰的报告说,以文莱在1963年年底的财政状况看来,它是令人兴奋的。这一年财政开支看来不超过5千1百万元(马元,下同),而岁收则约有1亿2千6百万元。财政结余将为国家的贮备金增加到8亿6千6百万元。 由于石油生产量的下降,1964年的岁收将比1963年减少,只有1亿零7百万元。1964年的开支预算估