Labeling and effectiveness testing; sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter human use; delay of compliance dates. Final rule; delay of compliance dates; request for comments

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is delaying the compliance dates for the final rule for over-the-counter (OTC) sunscreen drug products that published in the Federal Register of June 17, 2011 (76 FR 35620). The final rule establishes labeling and effectiveness testing for certain OTC sunscreen products containing specified active ingredients and marketed without approved applications. It also amends labeling claims that are not currently supported by data and lifts the previously-published delay of implementation of the Drug Facts labeling requirements for OTC sunscreens. The 2011 final rule's compliance dates are being delayed because information received after publication of the 2011 final rule indicates that full implementation of the 2011 final rule's requirements for all affected products will require an additional 6 months. This final rule is part of FDA's ongoing review of OTC drug products.     

Extension of expiration dates for several body systems listings. Final rule

We are extending the expiration dates of the following body systems in the Listing of Impairments (listings) in our regulations: Growth Impairment, Musculoskeletal System, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular System, Digestive System, Hematological Disorders, Skin Disorders, Neurological, and Mental Disorders. We are making no other revisions to these body system listings in this final rule. This extension will ensure that we continue to have the criteria we need to evaluate impairments in the affected body systems at step three of the sequential evaluation processes for initial claims and continuing disability reviews.     

Effective date of requirement for premarket approval for an implantable pacemaker pulse generator. Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule to require the filing of a premarket approval application (PMA) or a notice of completion of a product development protocol (PDP) for implantable pacemaker pulse generators. The Agency has summarized its findings regarding the degree of risk of illness or injury designed to be eliminated or reduced by requiring this device to meet the statute's approval requirements and the benefits to the public from the use of the devices. This action implements certain statutory requirements.     

Medical devices; neurological devices; classification of the Near Infrared Brain Hematoma Detector. Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying the Near Infrared (NIR) Brain Hematoma Detector into class II (special controls). The Agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device.     

基于云计算信息架构的云政府服务

本文提出了一个关于云计算信息架构的政府服务和管理模式的构想,即云政府,探讨了云政府存在的政治基础、组织结构框架和实现条件,理清了云政府、政府云和电子政府等相关概念;论证了云政府是符合民主政治诉求、实现无缝隙政府的一种组织形式;并预测了云政府这一符合未来信息社会要求的政府组织形式的发展前景。     

基于电子证件的政府公共服务信息资源共享

随着电子身份证、电子护照、电子驾照等电子证件成为日益重要的公众个人信息的载体,并借助于电子政务基础网络和不断完善的管理体系和应用功能,电子证件日渐成为公共服务信息资源的新载体和公共服务的新趋势。本文根据政府公共服务信息资源共享的理论和RFID技术的特点,提出了基于电子证件的公共服务信息平台的技术框架体系,实现RFID技术、证件管理与政府公共服务信息资源管理三者的松耦合紧集成,并结合"大连市电子房产证信息服务平台"案例说明了框架的适用性和科学性。文章最后对推进电子证件在政府公共服务信息资源共享的制约因素和对策也进行了初步的分析和探讨。     

公共环境服务供给模式研究

作为基本公共服务体系的重要构成部分,公共环境服务是政府为全体社会成员提供的环境物品和环境服务的公共活动。目前我国公共环境服务供给中存在供给主体单一、可销售性差、市场化水平低和政府责任缺失等问题。政府应当制定保障性公共服务的最低标准,合理配置公共资源,重构公共环境供给模式,优化环境服务结构,逐步缩小不同区域和不同群体之间的公共环境服务差距,最大限度地克服公共资源分配不公现象,解决公众日益增长的公共环境服务需求和落后的公共环境服务生产和供给能力之间的矛盾,以均等化为目标不断满足社会的公共环境需求。     

政府与市场关系的浙江模式——浙江30年变化的一个分析视角

改革开放30年来,浙江在政府与市场关系方面进行了有益的探索,逐渐形成了自己的政府与市场关系模式,即活跃的市场加有为政府的市场与政府合作互补模式。本文分析和揭示了浙江政府与市场关系模式的主要特点、形成过程和社会历史条件,认为,要使政府与市场在博弈中实现合作互补,主要的努力不是让市场来适应政府,而是让政府来适应市场。这里的关键,是通过及时有效的政府管理方式和政府管理体制改革,使地方政府能够在适应市场规律的基础上发挥自己的作用。