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Andrea Benvenuti 《澳大利亚政治与历史杂志》2007,53(2):251-266
While Australia's response to Britain's 1961‐63 bid to join the European Community has been examined in almost every possible detail, Australian policy towards Britain's 1970‐72 application has drawn very little scholarly attention. This article therefore aims to fill this gap by drawing on newly released archival material from the National Archives of Australia in Canberra and the National Archives in London. In doing so, the article examines the impact of Britain's 1971‐72 application to join the EC on Australian policy and the Anglo‐Australian relations. It argues that while far from provoking the same widespread uproar as the Macmillan government's original application in 1961, Britain's final bid had important political and economic implications for Australian foreign policy. 相似文献
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This article traces five historical streams of water policyin the United States, revealing the strain and stresses of intergovernmentalrelations pertaining to water resource management. It findsthat water policy is increasingly characterized by pragmaticfederalism emphasizing collaborative partnerships, adaptablemanagement strategies, and problem and process orientation.The evolving nature of federal-state relations, characterizedby expanding federal authorities and increased state capacity,coupled with a rise of local watershed groups and greater ecologicalconcern, calls for improved coordination. Yet challenges resultingfrom policy fragmentation and ecosystem complexity remain. Continuedcalls for greater integration will likely be heard as federal-staterelations continue to evolve. 相似文献
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Recently, in Italy, a murder and a putative sexual violence was accomplished on a child. A bodily fluids mixture on the child's underwear between the victim (female) and the suspect (male) was ascertained by short tandem repeat (STR) DNA typing and, due to the absence of seminal fluid, saliva from the suspect and urine from the child was hypothesized. In order to investigate the possibility of specifically and rapidly detecting saliva stains both alone and mixed with other bodily fluids, we used a quantitative spectrophotometric technique, named Amylase test, for the detection of alpha-amylases. We determined alpha-amylase activity and reaction kinetic curves in several samples collected from the child's underwear. In order to confirm our intuition, we first tested saliva, perspiration, and urine, singularly and in mixtures; second, several forensic stains including saliva, perspiration, urine stains, saliva/perspiration, and saliva/urine mixture stains were tested. Evaluating alpha-amylase activity values and time-course curves' behavior of alpha-amylase reactions we were able to recognize successfully, in all cases, the presence of saliva and to distinguish it specifically from other bodily fluids containing alpha-amylase. A further confirmation of our result was provided by STR DNA typing on several areas of the underwear: a clear correlation between alpha-amylases activity and male DNA was detected on all the samples evaluated. 相似文献
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Diaz FJ Loewe C Jackson A 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2006,27(4):300-303
This paper reviews 72 cases of death caused by myocarditis between the years 1996 and 2004, autopsied at the Office of the Wayne County Medical Examiner in Michigan. Myocarditis as a cause of sudden and unexpected death represented 1.3% of all natural deaths in Wayne County during said period. The year 1999 contained the highest number of deaths of this cause (18), where the average number of myocarditis deaths was 8 per year for this 9-year span. In this study, each case was reviewed based on information gathered from investigative, autopsy, and toxicology reports. Significantly, 58% of these cases were male, and 63.4% were African American. Myocarditis caused death in every age group between 7 months and 67 years, but adults between the ages of 19 and 67 were most significantly affected (75%). Flu and/or cold were the most common symptoms experienced in the days directly proceeding death (28%), followed by shortness of breath (17%) and sudden collapse (15%). Sixty-nine percent of these 72 cases were pronounced dead after ACLS (advanced cardiac life support) protocol by emergency medical services or hospital attendants. Cardiomegaly was observed in 24 cases of adults aged 19 or older (54%), and flabby/soft myocardial tissue was observed grossly in 16% of all 72 cases. 相似文献
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Nagy M Henke L Henke J Chatthopadhyay PK Völgyi A Zalán A Peterman O Bernasovská J Pamjav H 《Forensic science international》2007,169(1):19-26
Haplotype frequencies for 11 Y-STR markers (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439) in a Romani population (n=63) from Slovakia, Jats of Haryana (n=84) and Jat Sikhs (n=80) from India were determined. The Slovakian Romani, the Haryana and Sikh populations were endogamous based on their unique haplotype ratio and haplotype diversity values, although the Sikh population appeared to be more diverse. AMOVA revealed non-significant differences between the Romanies and significant differences with non-Romani populations. The Macedonian Romani population differed from all Romani populations examined. Frequent haplotypes observed in Romani populations were sporadic in northwest Indian populations. Thirteen out of 316 populations worldwide were found to share the six most frequent haplotypes of the Slovakian Romanies when the screening conditions were narrowed based on the population size to be over 40, the occurrence of the haplotypes was more than one and the sum frequencies of the most frequent haplotypes was at least 0.02. The most common haplotypes were also observed in other Romani groups. When searching with two Indian (Malbar and Malaysian Indian) most frequent haplotypes under the same conditions matches could be detected in all Romani populations except for the Macedonian Romanies. The search with the Jat Sikhs and Jats of Haryana most frequent haplotypes resulted no matches in Romani populations. 相似文献