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121.
122.
123.
Annette Seegers 《冲突、安全与发展》2010,10(2):263-285
The broadened and deepened notion of security has been evolving in two dimensions, one primarily intellectual and the other concerned more with political practice and policy. This paper briefly describes these dimensions, and then critically examines the acceptance of the new notion of security in the form a security-is-development thesis in South African security policy. This case shows how the security-is-development thesis affects the functions of security agencies and legitimates their anti-democratic behaviour. The case serves as a cautionary tale about how an intellectual construct, movement and school, originally intended to be a critique of state behaviour, can become a tool of state power at the expense of democracy. 相似文献
124.
The Association of Family and Conciliation Courts and Relate, UK, co‐convened a 24‐hour consultation at St George's House, Windsor, UK, on modern family justice issues across Europe. This article identifies a preliminary set of guiding principles for family justice programs developed by consultation participants. 相似文献
125.
Karen L. Amendola David Weisburd Edwin E. Hamilton Greg Jones Meghan Slipka 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2011,7(4):407-442
Objectives
The objectives of this research were to test the impacts of three shift lengths (8-, 10-, and 12-hour) on performance, health, safety, quality of life, sleep, fatigue, alertness, off-duty employment, and overtime among police. 相似文献126.
To systematically review the worldwide evidence on the prevalence of domestic violence against women, to evaluate the quality
of studies, and to account for variation in prevalence between studies, using consistent definitions and explicit, rigorous
methods. Systematic review of prevalence studies on domestic violence against women. Literature searches of 6 databases were
undertaken for the period 1995 to 2006. Medline, Embase, Cinahl, ASSIA, ISI, and International Bibliography of the Social
Sciences were searched, supplemented by hand searching of the reference lists from studies retrieved and specialized interdisciplinary
journals on violence. A total of 134 studies in English on the prevalence of domestic violence against women, including women
aged 18 to 65 years, but excluding women with specific disabilities or diseases, containing primary, empirical research data,
were included in the systematic review. Studies were scored on eight pre-determined criteria and stratified according to the
total quality score. The majority of the sudies were conducted in North America (41%), followed by Europe (20%). 56% of studies
were population-based, and 17% were carried out either in primary or community health care settings. There was considerable
heterogeneity both between and within geographical locations, health care settings, and study quality The prevalence of lifetime
domestic violence varies from 1.9% in Washington, US, to 70% in Hispanic Latinas in Southeast US. Only 12% scored a maximum
of 8 on our quality criteria, with 27% studies scored 7, and 17% scored 6. The mean lifetime prevalence of all types of violence
was found to be highest in studies conducted in psychiatric and obstetric/gynecology clinics. Results of this review emphasize
that violence against women has reached epidemic proportions in many societies. Accurate measurement of the prevalence of
domestic violence remains problematic and further culturally sensitive research is required to develop more effective preventive
policies and programs. 相似文献
127.
Lisa M. Perez Jeremy Jones David R. Englert Daniel Sachau 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2010,25(2):113-124
This study examines the psychological impact of viewing disturbing media on investigators engaged in computer forensics work.
Twenty-eight federal law enforcement personnel who investigate Internet child pornography cases completed measures of secondary
traumatic stress disorder (STSD) and burnout. Substantial percentages of investigators reported poor psychological well-being.
Greater exposure to disturbing media was related to higher levels of STSD and cynicism. STSD and burnout scores were related
to increased protectiveness of family, reliance on co-workers, general distrust, and turnover intentions. On a positive note,
investigators scored high in professional efficacy, indicating they feel their work makes a difference. Furthermore, personnel
with supportive relationships scored lower on both STSD and burnout. 相似文献
128.
129.
Plastics including adhesive tapes, cable ties, and packaging are common evidence types encountered in forensic investigations and casework. Traditional examination techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy lack specificity and are unable to discern differences within the same polymer structures leaving the analyst with a generic identification. High quality manufacturing methods further amplify the limitations in detecting variability between samples. Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) has been shown to be a valuable technique in further discriminating plastics. Discrimination is achieved by analysing the relative abundances of stable isotopes within a sample, with differences detected in isotope ratios possibly attributed to the source of raw materials and fractionation during the manufacturing process. A survey of cling wraps and re-sealable zipper storage bags collected in the Australian Capital Territory was undertaken to assess the variability in carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of different brands and samples. The results of this research are discussed, particularly with respect to within and between brand trends, and a case study is presented as an example of the value of including IRMS in a casework context. 相似文献
130.
Abenaa Acheampong Jones Travis Gerke Catherine W. Striley Nicole Whitehead Vicki Osborne Linda B. Cottler 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2018,43(3):471-485
The aim of this analysis is to identify latent subgroups of women based on substance use, exposure to violence, and risky sexual behaviors and quantify discrete stages of behavior change over time. Data comes from 317 women recruited from a Municipal Drug Court System in the Midwest. All participants were interviewed regarding their substance use and sexual behaviors, as well as their exposure to violence at baseline, a 4th-month follow-up, and an 8th-month follow-up. A latent transitional analysis (LTA), a longitudinal extension of a latent class analysis (LCA), was used to quantify discrete stages of behavior change. The results of our analyses revealed 4 distinct behavioral profiles in our sample: 1) women with high probabilities of risky sexual behaviors, exposure to violence, and crack/cocaine use, 2) women with a high probability of exposure to violence, and moderate sexual risk taking, 3) women characterized solely by a high probability of crack/cocaine use, 4) women with low probabilities of all factors. The proportion of women in latent statuses characterized by a high probability of crack/cocaine use did not substantially decrease over time. Women who experienced child sexual abuse, had a greater number of lifetime arrests, were older, and believed they had risky drug using behavior that needed changing at baseline were significantly more likely to be in higher-risk latent statuses. Targeted interventions tailored to crack/cocaine users, as well as a wide-spread need for trauma-informed interventions among females involved in the criminal justice system, are needed. 相似文献