论单位累犯的成立条件

单位累犯问题是近年来理论探讨的热点与难点,我国刑法并未设置单位累犯制度,国内学者多认为应在我国刑法中建构单位累犯制度,但在单位累犯的架构上理论研究仍过于浅陋。借鉴我国刑法中有关自然累犯的设置条件,单位累犯的成立条件应当包含罪过条件、刑罚条件及时距条件。     

Modification of the Marmarou and Foda model of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) improves percentage survival of rats at 24 h and increases the amount of DAI identified

More than two decades ago, Marmarou published a valid model for producing diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in rats. Since then, both mild and severe injuries have been obtained by researchers using the original method and a weight of 450 g. However, the diffuse brain injuries produced in rats were only similar to those seen in humans when the rats sustained severe brain injuries. In these cases, rat mortality in the original article was around 50%, and the cause of death was prolonged apnea post-impact. Rat survival after impact is critical for studying the progression of DAI. In order to explain the cause of death in human victims with cranial trauma who do not show gross brain injury, testing for the presence of DAI is essential. Thus, in order to minimize local and cervical injuries to increase rat survival, attention should be paid to the following aspects: a wider head protector disc should be used, the head of the rat should be elevated at the time of impact, and the foam bed should be soft enough to allow the movement caused by acceleration. With our modified method, rat survival increased by 30% compared to the original model (80% versus 50%). Moreover, 85.7% of rats demonstrated DAI after 24 h of survival. With these modifications, injuries appear in the same locations as in humans; thus, the method is suitable for the study of traumatic DAI in humans.     

To be different: the challenge of social-community psychology

Summarizes the author's life and how differences contributed to her selection of community psychology and to various choices she has made to further her goals. Focuses on her context within a colonial setting and on the significance of being a woman in her particular environment. Shows how clarity and steadfastness to ideals linked to divergent skills and a collaborative and participatory ideology have bred change. Signifies students' contributions to the generation of new energy as well as new conceptualizations. Finally, stresses the importance of international and interdisciplinary collaborations to enrich both our lives and the discipline of community psychology.     

关于美国“重返亚太”的几点看法

2011年美国高调“重返亚太”的实质是从过去集中关注全球反恐战争回归到全面经营亚太。其主要特点有：战略重点向亚太地区倾斜,加大对经济手段的倚重,加大军事上进攻色彩,加强对中国的防范。美国高调“重返亚太”具有深刻的背景和出于多重战略考虑,并且迄今已收到一些效果。但也应看到,美国“重返亚太”也存在许多难以克服的阻力和制约因素,这些因素既有亚太地区内和外部的,也有美国国内经济、政治、社会方面的。     

中俄文化差异对两国经贸合作的影响

当今世界,日趋呈现政治多极化、经济全球化、文化多元化的态势。不同的民族文化,对经济、政治与社会发展有着不同程度的促进或制约,两个国家的文化差异也会给两国间的经贸、政治往来等带来影响。中俄两国贸易往来历史悠久。进入2012年,两国都已经加入世界贸易组织,迈入全球经济一体化的快车道。研究中俄文化差异对两国经贸合作的影响,可以规避在两国经贸合作中因文化差异带来的风险,促进两国在人文等更多领域的合作,进而推动中俄战略协作伙伴关系深入发展。     

甘草酸二钾体外抗鸡传染性法氏囊炎病毒的作用机制

利用鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)体外培养系统,通过观察细胞病变(CPE)和用MTT法测定细胞活力这两种方法来评价甘草酸二钾体外抑制鸡传染性法氏囊炎病毒(IBDV)对CEF的感染作用,并通过甘草酸二钾对病毒复制、吸附的阻断作用测定试验及直接灭活病毒测定试验,初步探讨了甘草酸二钾的抗病毒机制。结果显示,甘草酸二钾在安全浓度范围内对病毒感染细胞的抑制率达到70%以上,EC50为663.2±268.4μg/mL,SI>4.52;在阻断病毒复制、直接灭活病毒的试验中,甘草酸二钾显示了较强的抗病毒能力,但在阻断病毒吸附试验中却没有作用,推测其抗病毒机制可能是干扰了病毒的复制和直接使病毒灭活。提示,甘草酸二钾能够作为预防及治疗传染性法氏囊炎的药物或先导化合物。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎抗体的纳米胶体金斑点免疫渗滤法检测

将无血清细胞培养的牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)抗原包被于硝酸纤维素膜,加入待检血清样品后,利用纳米胶体金标记的山羊抗牛IgG显色,建立了检测IBR抗体的纳米胶体金斑点免疫渗滤法检测试纸盒。整个试验过程仅需5min即可判断结果,与蓝舌病、牛赤羽病、牛地方流行性白血病、牛病毒性腹泻黏膜病、猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病和猪细小病毒病的阳性血清不发生交叉反应。将该法与用于IBR抗体检测的ELISA方法同时对300份临床牛血清样品进行IBR抗体检测,结果二者的阳性符合率达94.4%。结果表明,该法具有特异、敏感、快速可靠、效果直观、结果容易判断的特点,非常适用于IBR的早期诊断和流行病学调查。     

Shifting the Risk: New Employment Patterns, Informalization, and Women's Work

The paper argues that the processes of informalization of jobs observed during the past decades have affected both high and low income countries. Starting at the micro level of the firm, the emphasis is on how economic restructuring and globalization have generated the growth of informal activities—resulting in the vicious circle of poverty and economic insecurity for an important proportion of the population. The second part of the paper analyzes the growth of women's participation in informal activities, emphasizing that there are contradictory forces at work regarding women's employment. Despite a stubborn persistence of gender discrimination and obstacles to women's advancement, progress has taken place on several fronts, such as in the education field and in the absorption of female labor in many production processes. The paper concludes by pointing out that poverty eradication programs must emphasize the need to generate decent jobs without which these programs will continue to be ineffective. In addition, re-distributive mechanisms and different forms of social protection are needed to counteract the forces and policies generating economic insecurity.     

DNA typing in a cattle stealing case.

DNA profiling was used as probative evidence in a cattle stealing case. The carcasses of the dead animals were found from a report and a farmer recognized the remains as those corresponding to the stolen animals by the farm mark on the coat. Those remains were collected as reference samples. Meat pieces were sequestered from a butchery and then sent to our Laboratory by the Justice Department of Buenos Aires (Argentine) to perform a DNA comparative analysis with the reference. Matches were found between the evidences and the references, supporting the hypothesis that the meat pieces had been obtained from the stolen animals. The butcher was suspected of stealing animals but no direct incrimination had been made yet.     

突发性群体事件的应对与管理

当前,突发性群体事件已经成为威胁社会和谐稳定的突出社会问题。我们应通过树立法治理念,从立法、执法、司法和法律监督等方面入手,加强对突发性群体事件的及时应对和依法管理,有效化解矛盾,促进社会和谐。