3,4-亚甲二氧基甲卡西酮的鉴定

目的 建立基于傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)结合高分辨质谱技术联合鉴定未知样品的方法.方法 未知样品采用红外专用取样器直接检测;甲醇溶解后采用GC-MS和组合型高分辨质谱检测,以MDMA为内标物.结果 未知样品获得的红外光谱特征吸收峰为1679(C=O键),1603,1502,1453,1423,1259,1121,1090,1035,930,887,838,768,742和717cm-1,质谱特征碎片峰(m/z)为58.1,91.0,120.9,149.0和207.0,测得的精确质量数[M+H]+为208.0966.经信息分析未知样品鉴定为3,4-亚甲二氧基甲卡西酮,该物质属于新型化学合成卡西酮类精神活性物质,已经列入部分欧盟国家的管制药物目录.结论 本方法可用于3,4-亚甲二氧基甲卡西酮的鉴定.     

论声纹鉴定意见的表述形式

本文针对目前国内外讨论比较热烈的声纹鉴定意见表述问题进行了评述.首先介绍了实践中正在使用的听觉分析法、声谱比对分析法、声学分析法、听觉-声学分析法和说话人自动识别五种鉴定方法,指出了各种方法的优缺点;然后对现存的二元判决、可能性等级、似然比和英国立场声明四种鉴定意见表述形式进行了介绍和评析,通过分析发现,上述四种意见表述形式都存在一定的问题,实践中选择何种形式表述鉴定意见要综合考虑其科学性、逻辑性、现实性和可行性等多种价值选项;最后认为解决该问题的根本方法是各相关领域的专家应加强在鉴定方法上的合作性的基础研究.     

A Green Criminological Exploration of Illegal Wildlife Trade in Vietnam

Illegal wildlife trade is a pervasive and destructive crime that is contributing to biodiversity loss and species extinction around the globe. This is particularly true in Vietnam where, it is proposed, the convergence of four factors creates the conditions for the illegal wildlife trade to flourish. The human-centered approach to Vietnam’s diverse ecosystem, historic consumption of wildlife, rapidly developing economy, and embryonic environmental legislation has resulted in the continued degradation of a unique and important environment. Furthermore, until recently criminological research of such green crimes has either been lacking or equally human-centered. This article details the nature and extent of wildlife trafficking in Vietnam and introduces to this context an expanded notion of harm, including the environment and other species, of a green criminological perspective to this exploration. The aim is that, by proposing a new framework in which to evaluate the illegal wildlife trade and other green crimes in Vietnam, new and innovative strategies addressing the convergent factors might be developed that will aid in stopping the illegal wildlife trade and other green crimes.     

不得强迫自证其罪之理解和公诉环节的实践把握

修改后的《刑事诉讼法》第一次在法律上明确赋予了诉讼当事人拥有拒绝证实自身有罪的权利。司法机关应当准确理解该规定的内容,在有效打击犯罪的同时,注意保护人权。     

中国-东盟自由贸易区商贸争端仲裁解决机制若干问题研究

中国-东盟自由贸易区的建立对于其缔约国的经济发展,对世界区域经济一体化具有重要的作用。但是,伴随其经济发展、贸易交往的频繁,其商贸争端也增多。仲裁作为一种解决商贸纠纷的手段,对区域内经济和谐稳定增长、商贸关系发展良好有着不可替代的作用。本文旨在分析商贸争端的仲裁解决机制。     

Prevalence of blood alcohol in fatal traffic crashes in Shanghai

The objective of this project was to investigate the incidence of alcohol consumption in fatal traffic deaths in Shanghai, one of the largest cities in China. A study was conducted on 803 individuals killed in road accidents during the period 2009–2011, in terms of alcohol-positive rate, mean blood alcohol content (BAC), gender, age, vehicle type, pedestrian alcohol problem, single-vehicle vs multiple-vehicle crashes, and time of day. It was found that 28.9% of the drivers involved had a BAC ≥ 0.20 mg/mL (limit of civil offense) and 21.8% had a BAC ≥ 0.80 mg/mL (limit of criminal offense). The mean BAC of alcohol-positive drivers (with a BAC ≥ 0.20 mg/mL) was 1.51 mg/mL. The vast majority of the drivers involved were males. With regards to age, the largest group was of drivers aged between 40 and 49 years group in both alcohol-negative cases (26.8%) and alcohol-positive cases (26.2%). Motorcycles were most likely to be involved, representing 34.4% of alcohol-negative crashes and 51.6% of alcohol-positive crashes. Very high BACs were common among alcohol-positive pedestrians, yet all female pedestrians were alcohol-negative. Single-vehicle crashes were over-represented in alcohol-positive cases. Alcohol-negative crashes and alcohol-positive crashes most often happened during the time period of 17:00–18:59 and 19:00–20:59, respectively.     

论英语语言学研究的多维视角

英语语言学研究在新的世纪不再是单纯的语言基础研究,应该本着开放的视野,更加注重研究的深度以及与其他学科连接的广度,并应随着学术研究的跨学科发展趋势,拓宽英语语言学的研究视角.英语语言学研究多维视角的提出有其必要性、合理性及可行性.外语工作者应不断深化哲学视角、文化学视角及政治学视角研究,推动英语语言学研究在新时期和新阶段的进一步发展.     

保险诈骗犯罪手法分析及防范策略研究

近年来,保险诈骗案件呈多发态势,扰乱了正常的保险经营秩序,阻碍了中国保险业的健康发展。研究保险诈骗犯罪及防范策略,对加强预防保险欺诈行为、维护正常的保险秩序有着重要意义。防范保险诈骗可采取以下措施:(一)保险公司自身应强化管理,提高诈骗风险控制能力;(二)保险行业内部应相互配合,搭建业内信息共享平台;(三)金融检察部门要惩防并举,加强对保险行业的保护;(四)执法部门之间需加强协作,构建线索移送通报制度;(五)公众法制宣传要点面结合,加强骗保犯罪预防效果。     

从执法公信力角度谈公诉人如何提高维护公平正义能力简

当前社会转型时期呈现出主体多元化、矛盾复杂化的特点,在这一新执法环境的作用下,对检察机关中依法承担审查起诉职责的公诉人提出了新的要求。公诉工作执法公信力建设与公诉人维护公平正义能力建设是公诉工作的重要命题,因为公信是公诉工作的基础土壤。也正是得到民众信任的支持,公诉工作才能得以健康发展,也正是因为公诉工作更好地维护了公平正义,公诉工作才真正赢得了民众的信任,进而有效提升检察机关的执法权威。从影响公信力的因素、公信力的来源对公诉公信力进行分析,可以对如何全面提升公诉工作公信力,如何提升公诉人维护公平正义能力提出建设性的意见。     

公安高等院校法学学术型硕士培养模式创新研究

公安法学教育是公安职业教育与法学教育相结合的特殊法学教育,是法学教育的重要组成部分。公安高等院校法学类硕士培养基本上紧随我国法学教育的发展趋势,但是要在学术型硕士培养上创新,就需要突出公安特色。在"卓越法律人才计划"的大背景下,法学教育"精英化"、"大众化"、"职业化"等的辨析日趋明确,各大高校法学硕士培养定位已经基本形成共识,即为研究做准备——学术型硕士。公安高等院校法学硕士定位同样应为学术型硕士,其要在同领域中具备"卓越法律人才"素质,就需在培养过程中强化公安实践上升为公安理论的能力,首先从招生数量上"精化",其次从课程设置上"简化"、"深化",再次从导师引导上"细化"、"学徒化",最后从准出门槛——毕业论文上"学术化"。公安高等院校法学硕士最终应能成为公安法学相关理论领域博士研究预备人才。