信息的起点

信息的起点在哪里?这是一个具有原创性的哲学命题,其基本解答是,一种事物出现的时候也就是信息诞生的时候,新事物出现的时候也就是新信息诞生的时候,信息与事物相伴随。     

mRNA荧光复合扩增系统鉴别正常和异常精液初探

目的构建mRNA荧光复合扩增体系,实现对不同种类精液(尤其是无精症精液)的区分鉴别。方法收集正常、少精症及无精症的精液样本,制备精斑样本后提取细胞总RNA,利用逆转录PCR技术扩增2个精子特异mRNA标记(PRM1、PRM2)、2个精浆特异mRNA标记(TGM4、SEMG1)和2个管家基因mRNA标记(TEF、UCE)。结果正常精液样本可检测到全部精液mRNA标记表达;少精症精液样本虽然可检测到全部mRNA标记表达,但精子特异mRNA标记表达量较低;无精症精液样本不能检测到精子mRNA标记,只能检测到精浆特异mRNA标记。结论利用mRNA荧光复合扩增系统可以实现对正常和无精症精液的区分,而正常精液和少精症精液相比差异无统计学意义。     

Application of Cameriere’s method for dental age estimation in children in South China

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of Cameriere’s European formula for age estimation in children in South China and to adapt the formula to establish a more suitable formula for these children. Moreover, the performance of dental age estimation based on Cameriere’s method combining the developmental information of permanent teeth (PT) and third molar (TM) was also analysed. Orthopantomographs of 720 healthy children in Group A, and orthopantomographs of 320 children and 280 subadults in Group B were assessed. The samples of Group A were divided into training dataset 1 and test dataset 1, and the samples of Group B were also divided into training dataset 2 and test dataset 2. A South China-specific formula was established based on the training dataset 1, and the comparison of accuracy between the Cameriere’s European formula and the South China-specific formula was conducted with the test dataset 1. Additionally, a PT regression model, a TM regression model, and a combined regression model (PT + TM) were established based on the training dataset 2, and the performance of these three models were validated on the test dataset 2. The Cameriere’s European formula underestimated chronological age with a mean difference (ME) of −0.47 ± 1.11 years in males and −0.69 ± 1.19 years in females. However, the South China-specific formula underestimated chronological age, with a mean difference (ME) of −0.02 ± 0.71 years in males and −0.14 ± 0.73 years in females. Compared with PT model and TM model, the PT and TM combined model obtained the smallest root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.29 years in males and 0.93 years in females. In conclusion, the South China-specific formula was more suitable for assessing the dental age of children in South China, and the PT and TM combined model can improve the accuracy of dental age estimation in children.

Key points

• Orthopantomographs of 720 healthy children in Group A, and orthopantomographs of 320 children and 280 subadults in Group B were assessed.
• A South China-specific formula was established based on the training dataset 1, and the comparison of accuracy between the Cameriere’s European formula and the South China-specific formula was conducted with the test dataset 1.
• A PT regression model, a TM regression model, and a combined regression model (PT + TM) were established based on the training dataset 2, and the performance of these three models were validated on the test dataset 2.
• The South China-specific formula was more suitable for assessing the dental age of children in South China, and the PT and TM combined model can improve the accuracy of dental age estimation in children.

     

判决理由的概念和功能

判决理由是法官对其所作出判决(决定)的正当性进行解释的一种诉讼活动。司法正义是其本质。正当性即合法性和合理性是司法正义的具体表现。判决理由具有沟通、劝服和逻辑三大功能。在当今世界上,判决理由已成为审视一国司法公正和政治民主程度的窗口,也是国家与社会进行沟通理解的桥梁。     

论检察机关正确适用宽严相济刑事政策

检察工作的每一个环节,包括职务犯罪侦查、审查逮捕、审查起诉和诉讼监督等各个方面,都要贯彻宽严相济刑事政策.正确理解、把握"有无逮捕必要",是审查批捕工作贯彻宽严相济刑事政策的关键.公诉工作一方面要坚持严厉打击严重刑事犯罪,另一方面要依法、慎重、大胆使用不起诉权;积极、规范适用刑事和解;依法、扩大适用简化审和简易程序.正确适用宽严相济刑事政策必须树立宽严相济的执法理念,加强工作机制建设,切实防止不良办案倾向.     

The international politics of air disasters: lessons for aviation disaster governance from Asia, 2014–2015

Abstract

Through a qualitative analysis of three air disasters from Asia in recent years—MH370, MH17 and QZ8501—this article investigates the puzzle of how aviation disasters open up a sovereign state’s domestic governance and foreign policy to international questioning within an anarchic international system. This enquiry thereby highlights the gaps in the global governance of aviation, particularly in the areas of safety and recovery in the wake of aviation disasters. Three linked literatures demonstrate this dynamic. First, aligned with the ‘emotional turn’ in international relations, we show that the portrayal of air disasters and grieving next of kin in global media highlights the politics of grief and trauma. Second, aviation disasters surface the politics of disaster diplomacy in the guise of ‘security competition by proxy’ in the recovery process. Third, we emphasize that these shortfalls in domestic governance and international cooperation demonstrated by the attention-grabbing spectacle of aviation disasters consequently underscore important knowledge, norms and compliance gaps in global aviation governance. Aviation disasters and their aftermath thus shine an international spotlight on the state’s domestic governance and foreign policies in these three manners.     

从欧盟立法看动物福利法的独立性

价值理念、调整对象和调整规则是否具有独特性是评价法律门类是否独立的标准。欧盟动物福利法把保护动物生命与福利作为核心的价值理念,不仅调整人与人之间关于这些动物的关系,还调整人对这些动物的单向保护行为。欧盟动物福利法的调整规则,无论是其类型还是调整方法,均体现了动物福利全面和全过程保护的要求。动物福利立法的这些特点,是卫生法、农业法、环境资源法、经济法、商法、社会保障法所不具有或者不全部具有的。因此,动物福利法是一个独立的部门法。最后,本文对动物福利法的公法性质进行了阐述。     

《劳动合同法》实施以来劳动关系新变化以及工会应对策略研究

<劳动合同法>实施以来,其积极影响正在显现,特别反映在对劳动合同制度的规范和企业用工方式的引导上.但是,劳动合同法实施期间,国际金融危机的爆发与影响,使我国劳动关系的状况出现了复杂的局面,在一些领域劳动关系的矛盾和问题重义加剧.面对复杂形势工会的应对需从几个方面人手:坚持推进<劳动合同法>等各项劳动法律的实施;重点关注劳务派遣法律规制的充实与完善;学会因应不同经济环境的工作思路的转换和工作方法的调整;大力推进集体协商集体合同制度,强化工会的集体劳动关系调整作用;力促政府政策调整,在保民生基础上振兴经济.     

改革开放:中国共产党的一次伟大觉醒

改革开放是中国特色社会主义发展史上的一次伟大觉醒,是中华民族发展史上的一次伟大革命,这一伟大革命推动了中国特色社会主义事业的伟大飞跃。改革开放这一伟大觉醒是一个惊天动地的历史过程,在这一过程中,我们党经受住了重大考验,最终孕育了从理论到实践的伟大创造。     

Competition and cooperation in the natural gas market: a game-theoretic demand-base analysis

This paper aims to explore various possibilities in the evolving global gas market by constructing game-theoretical models involving the major players: Russia and Qatar exporting gas to the Asia-Pacific and Europe, respectively. We explore a series of hypothetical scenarios based on competitive and collusive settings for the Asia-Pacific LNG market and based on Qatar’s export route to the European gas market. The scenarios that are examined are (1) Russia as the follower and Qatar as the leader in a Stackelberg game; (2) Russia and Qatar as Cournot competitors; (3) collaboration between Russia and Qatar as bilateral monopolies; (4) Qatar exporting gas to European borders; (5) Qatar exporting gas to the last transit country; and (6) Qatar transporting gas to the Turkish border under a multi-pricing scheme. Demand is estimated under each scenario to simulate the respective export volumes, prices and quantities, and profit in each scenario. By exploring these market interactions, we find that it is essential for Russia to strike a deal with Qatar in the Asian market and accelerate their gas production in order to compete as an LNG market leader. Russia is likely to benefit more if it can link with Qatar to act as a monopoly on their segmental demand curve. On the other hand, Qatar’s profit is expected to be higher under the scenario when Qatar sells all the gas to the last transit country as the sole demand point instead of passing through transit countries.