The determinants of corporate political strategy in Chinese transition

• Corporate political strategy (CPS) formulation in Chinese transition is an area with little empirical work. We fill this gap validly and the primary focus of this study is to examine the firm‐ and industry‐level factors influencing Chinese firms' political strategy choice. Empirical support is found for the taxonomy of corporate political strategies in Chinese transition—that is direct participation strategy, financial incentive strategy, prolocutor strategy, institution innovation strategy, government association strategy and government involvement strategy. The results indicate that there is no consistently significant firm‐ and industry‐level predictor of all six political strategies and we explore what determinants are related to each specific decision independently. We also verify the random effects of industry‐level variables and our hypotheses are tested through using general evaluation equations (GEEs). Our study aims to be helpful to point managers toward both industrial environments and internal resources to consider when making appropriate political strategy choices and thus improve Chinese firms' strategy management level. Some implications of findings are also discussed finally.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

建立法与"活法"的连续体

"活法"与法、国家法、实证法等相对,是指支配着人们的行为并构成社会秩序基础但又不是出自于国家正式立法的种种规则.当然,并非所有这样的规则都可归属于活法.活法的提出不应该改变通行的法的定义,它只是比喻意义上的法.相对于国家与社会的相互呼应,法与活法既有必要也有可能构建起相互流通、相互过滤从而相互为用的连续体.联结法与活法二者的工具主要有采集活法并纳入于国家正式法、法律解释、衡平、法的非正式渊源、调解、陪审制、"民意过滤"等.连续体的构筑有助于增加法官的司法智慧,有助于法律与社会生活的动态适应.当代中国的法律实践还缺乏构建法与活法连续体的自觉.     

Wind and Water

At the Paris Climate Change Conference in 2015, China reiterated its commitment to peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in its primary energy consumption to around 20 percent by the same year. The European Union also announced plans to cut emissions by 40-44 percent of 1990 levels by 2030, and 80-95 percent by 2050.     

排污权与不同权属之间的效力冲突和协调

排污权是伴随着环境容量资源的日益稀缺和财产权概念的不断发展而走进法学殿堂的一项新型权利.作为具有准物权属性的权利类型,排污权在行使过程中可能会在三种不同的层面与其他权利发生冲突.在排污权之间的权利冲突,应按照目的优先辅以时间优先的原则加以解决;对于排污权与具有相同物质载体的其他权利发生冲突时,应根据冲突中各该不动产利益的性质确定权利的优先位序;在其他可能发生权利冲突的场合,则应根据排污权人所持排污根据的合法性及其权利应予保障程度的合理性,确定冲突的调处规则.     

印度对生物技术产业的扶持及其成效

近20年来,印度政府对高新技术产业一直不遗余力地予以扶持,并将扶持目标锁定在信息、生物和材料三个领域。在政府的大力扶持下,印度的生物技术产业迅猛发展,有可能成为继信息技术产业之后印度经济的又一个亮点。     

侦查程序诉讼化研究

在现代社会,侦查程序诉讼化不仅是程序公正的必然要求,而且是程序具有独立价值的重要体现。侦查程序诉讼化既是一种诉讼状态,更是一种发展过程。侦查程序诉讼化要求将所有的侦查活动都纳入侦查程序,侦查程序应当具有正当性,合理配置侦查程序中的各项权力,在侦查程序中建立＂三方组合＂的诉讼结构,对侦查权进行有效的监督制约等。我国侦查程序诉讼化存在许多问题,侦查程序诉讼化的整体程度较低,应当从侦查活动、侦查强制措施和侦查监督制约三方面进行完善,以进一步提高我国侦查程序的诉讼化程度,提高人权保障水平。