第十八讲 西方的经济犯罪

<正> 一、西方世界经济犯罪的一般情况经济犯罪伴随着经济活动而发生和变化。在唯利是图思想意识驱使下,商品经济越发达经济犯罪的机会越多,这就是西方世界经济犯罪持续上升难以控制的基本原因。经济犯罪是当今世界一个具有国际性的严重社会问题。它对社会造成的物质损失远远超过传统的财产犯罪(盗窃、抢劫、侵占等)给社会带来的损害的总和。七十年代西德学者估计西德每年的经济犯罪所造成的损失数额在10亿马克以上。1982年美国财政部国内税务局的     

三论第三犯罪行为形式“持有”

<正> 拙著《美国刑法》(1987)犯罪行为一节中说的“占有(possession)”(日本学者也认为在刑法上持有与占有是同一概念)算是一论,拙文《论刑法学若干重大问题》的问题之二“充实犯罪构成理论”中提到的“持有行为形式”算是二论(论点未变但论述方法看来不尽妥贴),这里便是三论。     

刑法第13条但书的价值蕴涵

刑法第 1 3条犯罪概念中的但书具有重大的立法和司法价值。在立法上 ,它通过收缩犯罪圈 ,满足了刑法谦抑的要求 ;在司法上 ,它通过协调情与法 ,保证了实质合理的实现     

DNA指纹技术在强奸案和亲子鉴定中的应用

在同一张膜上测定了18例无关个体血样,并计算出α-珠蛋白-3'HVR探针DNA指纹图的相关机率为4.0×10~(-12),平均每条谱带的相关机率为0.21。用此探针检验的14起强奸案和6起亲子鉴定案均获得肯定的结论。     

欧美刑法改革

该文编译自1983美国出版《犯罪与司法大全》(该书被誉为集美国刑法界之荟萃)第二卷"刑法改革"和有关条目(这一条目有三位作者:德国刑法教授,英国和美国教授)。较系统地概述了欧美两大法系主要国家刑法的历史发展与现状,对我国研究工作和教学均有一定参考价值。特分两期连载,以飨读者。     

论马克思主义关于公共利益的理论特质

协调公共利益与其它利益之间的关系是构建社会主义和谐社会的关键.马克思恩格斯对公共利益的探讨不是从严格的概念着手,而是以统治阶级内部的"共同利益"为基点而展开的,他们对公共利益的产生、实质以及与个人利益之间的关系等问题进行了深入剖析.马克思恩格斯的公益观与西方资产阶级不同,具有鲜明的特征.     

关于电子商务立法的环顾与设想

电子商务立法风靡全球 ,其特点是快速与兼容性。不仅经济发达国家如此 ,许多发展中国家亦不甘落后。我国且不可行动迟缓 ,坐失网络经济带来的良机。电子商务法应从广义与狭义两方面予以理解 ,而我国当前有条件、并且必须尽快制订的是狭义上的电子商务法 ,即调整电子交易形式的法律规范。而那种综合性电子商务立法的设想起码在目前是不成熟的。     

美国电子商务法评析

美国各地及企业集团的利益之争 ,是美国目前电子商务立法分歧的重要原因 ,而立法的统一化 ,则是其电子商务法的必然趋势 ,无论是通过联邦立法 ,还是走统一州法的道路。在借鉴美国电子商务法的经验方面加州的技术中立原则和尤他州的政府干预方法 ,值得参考。     

Racial differences in desistance from substance abuse: the impact of religious involvement on recovery

This study examines variations by race in the relationship between religiosity and desistance from substance abuse. Although most studies have included race as a control variable, only a few studies compared the equivalence of associations among religiosity, delinquency, recovery from substance abuse, and other variables between Black and White samples. Using data from the intake and 12-month follow-up survey of the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study, this study examines levels of religious involvement of Black and White drug treatment clients. In addition, it empirically tests whether religious involvement exerts differential effects on Black and White clients' recovery from substance abuse. It was found that Black clients reported higher levels of religious involvement (measured by church attendance) than did White clients. Data indicated that religious behavior at 1-year follow-up was positively associated with Black clients' recovery from substance abuse. In contrast, religious behavior was not a significant predictor of White clients' desistance from substance abuse. Directions for future research and policy implications are discussed.     

Temperature‐dependent Development of Parasarcophaga similis (Meade 1876) and its Significance in Estimating Postmortem Interval

Flesh flies are commonly found insects on decaying corpses that appears slightly later than blowflies, and their development patterns are significant indicators for minimum postmortem interval (PMI_min) estimation. In this study, the flesh fly Parasarcophaga similis (Meade 1876) was reared at nine constant temperatures ranging from 15°C to 35°C to examine indicators for estimating their age. We generated three development models, including isomorphen diagram, isomegalen diagram, and thermal summation model. Larval body length at different rearing temperatures was fit into an L = a + bT + cT² + dT³ equation with which the relationship between the larval body length (L) and the time after larviposition (T) was confirmed. The pupal stage was categorized into 13 substages according to intrapuparial morphological changes, and a detailed table was generated of the pupal developmental stages at five rearing temperatures, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C. This study provides fundamental data in supporting P. similis as an indicator for PMI_min estimation.