全文获取类型
收费全文 | 643篇 |
免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 82篇 |
工人农民 | 1篇 |
世界政治 | 83篇 |
外交国际关系 | 9篇 |
法律 | 266篇 |
中国政治 | 14篇 |
政治理论 | 207篇 |
出版年
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 19篇 |
2013年 | 35篇 |
2012年 | 27篇 |
2011年 | 26篇 |
2010年 | 27篇 |
2009年 | 30篇 |
2008年 | 27篇 |
2007年 | 21篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 30篇 |
2004年 | 16篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有662条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
DAVID P. FARRINGTON ROLF LOEBER MAGDA STOUTHAMER-LOEBER WELMOET B. VAN KAMMEN LAURA SCHMIDT 《犯罪学》1996,34(4):493-517
The Pittsburgh Youth Study is a prospective longitudinal survey of three samples of Pittsburgh boys (each containing about 500 boys) initially studied in first, fourth, and seventh grades. The first two data collection waves yielded self-reported delinquency and combined delinquency seriousness scores (the combined scores based on information from boy, mother, and teacher) for the middle sample (up to an average age of 10.7 years) and oldest sample (up to an average age of 13.9 years). These scores were compared with records of petitions to the Allegheny County Juvenile Court for delinquency offenses before and up to six years after the assessments. The area under the ROC curve was used as a measure of validity. Concurrent validity was higher than predictive validity. The combined scale had similar concurrent validity but greater predictive validity than the self-report scale, and the combined scale also identified a greater number of boys as serious delinquents. Concurrent validity for admitting offenses was higher for Caucasians, but concurrent validity for admitting arrests was higher for African-Americans. There were no consistent ethnic differences in predictive validity. There was an increase in predictive validity, for both African-Americans and Caucasians, by combining self-report data with information from other sources. Afrer controlling for delinquency measures, African-Americans were more likely than Caucasians to be petitioned in the future, but not in the past. In this research, ethnic differences in official delinquency were partly attributable to ethnic differences in delinquent behavior and were not attributable to differential ethnic attrition or differential ethnic validity of measures of delinquent behavior. 相似文献
92.
We propose a latent trait model that simultaneously accounts for both participation in crime and the frequency of crimes, phenomena that the criminal career model attributes to different causal processes. The criminal career model is predicated on a categorical distinction between active offenders and nonoffenders, but the latent trait model assumes a continuous distribution of propensity to offend. Our specific statistical model relates a relatively stable and general latent propensity to engage in crime to the frequency of criminal behavior. The latent trait model successfully fit both the proportion of offenders (participation) and frequency of offending for several samples and several measures of offending. The model fit both samples of whites and nonwhites and both males and females. This shows that separate causal processes are not necessary to account for group differences in frequency and in participation, which disproves the major evidence in favor of the criminal career model. Finally, the latent trait model yielded evidence that disparate sex differences in rates of participation for different categories of offenses are consistent with a single difference on a latent trait. This demonstrates the latent trait model's potential for parsimoniously unifying knowledge about criminal careers. 相似文献
93.
DAVID C. ROWE 《犯罪学》1985,23(2):223-240
The relationship between the quality of twins’mutual attachment and delinquency is examined in a study of 265 twin pairs. It is predicted that twins with stronger mutual attachments will have lower rates of delinquent behavior. Contrary to this prediction, twins’mutual attachment (that is, the frequency with which the twins saw each other in teenage activities) is found to be unrelated to delinquent behavior. The twins often cooperated, however, in their delinquent acts: 61 % of the girls and 79% of the boys reported committing one or more delinquent acts with their twins. In accord with social control theory, social bonds (normlessness, perceived parental acceptance-rejection, and value placed on academic achievement) are strongly associated with delinquent behavior. Except for male DZ twins, however, these same variables are only weakly associated with twins’mutual attachments. A behavioral genetic analysis of the social bonds indicate both genetic and specific environmental components to their variation but fail to show evidence of a shared environmental component. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
94.
Popular belief is that ownership change (from public to private) brings about improved performance. But (i) ownership displays a spectrum, not an either/or; (ii) degree of competition is conceptually and often actually independent of ownership; and (iii) so is change-of-ownership's assumed instruments for improving performance, change in managerial incentive structures and reporting structures. The article surveys the relevant theories, popular and scholarly, and develops models for testing the relationships between status change (ownership) and performance (indices of productivity, profitability etc.), and between status change and internal organizational change (indices of reorganization and of linkage), in a small number of British organizations which underwent change in recent decades. Preliminary results of one or two analyses illustrate the methods and the possibilities. 相似文献
95.
96.
97.
Criminal behavior and criminal victimization have been associated with population density in the criminological literature. and this has led re- searchers to argue that there is a positive zero-order relationship between population density and crime rates. However, using National Crime Survey victimization data we found that there is no simple relationship between population density and crime rates in 26 large American cities. Property crimes nith contact were, found 10 he positivelv correlated with population density. and thus are consistent with traditional criminological explana- tions. All other crimes, which we classified as property crimes without contacl and nonproperty assaultive crimes. contradict most previous research findings because of significant negative correlations with popula- tion density. 相似文献
98.
99.
100.
This study examines the dynamics of potentially violent encounters between police and public. It is based on systematic observation of about 350 eight-hour tours of duty by patrol officers in three precincts of New York City during the summer of 1986. It compares the tactics and resulting outcomes found in encounters handled, respectively, by patrol officers believed by their peers to be especially skilled at minimizing violence and a cross section of all other patrol officers. Its major conclusions are (1) violence, even verbal aggression, is relatively rare in police work: (2) most conflict is dampened by the arrival of the police, leaving little scope for the use of defusing tactics: and (3) the behavior of officers judged by colleagues to be skilled in minimizing violence is measurably different from the behavior of “average” patrol officers, and in ways that suggest that colleagues may be good judges of on-street performance. 相似文献