The Campesino-to-Campesino agroecology movement of ANAP in Cuba: social process methodology in the construction of sustainable peasant agriculture and food sovereignty

Agroecology has played a key role in helping Cuba survive the crisis caused by the collapse of the socialist bloc in Europe and the tightening of the US trade embargo. Cuban peasants have been able to boost food production without scarce and expensive imported agricultural chemicals by first substituting more ecological inputs for the no longer available imports, and then by making a transition to more agroecologically integrated and diverse farming systems. This was possible not so much because appropriate alternatives were made available, but rather because of the Campesino-a-Campesino (CAC) social process methodology that the National Association of Small Farmers (ANAP) used to build a grassroots agroecology movement. This paper was produced in a ‘self-study’ process spearheaded by ANAP and La Via Campesina, the international agrarian movement of which ANAP is a member. In it we document and analyze the history of the Campesino-to-Campesino Agroecology Movement (MACAC), and the significantly increased contribution of peasants to national food production in Cuba that was brought about, at least in part, due to this movement. Our key findings are (i) the spread of agroecology was rapid and successful largely due to the social process methodology and social movement dynamics, (ii) farming practices evolved over time and contributed to significantly increased relative and absolute production by the peasant sector, and (iii) those practices resulted in additional benefits including resilience to climate change.     

Urban Regeneration Policy from the Integrated Urban Development Model in the European Union: an Analytical Approach Based on the Study of Spanish Cities

For several years, local governments have been tackling new challenges related to the regeneration of their cities within the physical sphere, as well as in their economic and social aspects. This task is developed in accordance with what has been called the Integrated Urban Development Model, understanding the integrated nature of this approach not only in terms of the spheres of public policy involved, but also in relation to their management. In this paper, this management is analysed in terms of the development of mechanisms for New Local Governance and New Public Management (NPM). Using Spanish municipalities as a case study, this paper develops an analytical tool for the analysis of this model of urban intervention within the European context, paying close attention to the development of mechanisms for New Local Governance from a multilevel perspective, as well as the development of mechanisms for NPM.     

Correction to: Age Patterns in Risk Taking Across the World

Journal of Youth and Adolescence - In the original publication, the legends for Figs 4 and 5 were incorrect, such that each regression line was mislabeled with the incorrect country. Below are the...     

Do the illegal and legal rents of politicians affect municipal election outcomes? Empirical evidence

This paper aims to analyse whether illegal (corruption) and legal rent extraction (high politicians’ wages) affect electoral outcomes at municipal level. We use an initial sample of 145 Spanish municipalities over 50,000 for two electoral periods: 2004–2007 (before the crisis) and 2008–2011 (during the crisis). Our findings show that neither illegal nor legal rent extraction impact on re-election in non-crisis times. However, we observe that citizens penalize legal rent extraction in the ballots during the crisis. Regarding the economic performance of the local governments, we find that its effect on re-election is important in non-crisis period. Nevertheless, in time of crisis, given that the economic situation is bad in general in the country, voters pay less attention to economic factors and focus on politicians’ behaviour.     

大病风险冲击下农户户内劳动供给的性别差异分析——来自四川贫困县的证据

本文首先利用四川省秦巴山区一个县2696户农户调查数据和153户深度访谈数据,考察贫困地区农户大病风险以及大病风险下农户户内劳动供给的性别差异,然后通过典型案例总结大病风险下农户户内女性劳动供给的模式。研究发现,农村女性面临更多的大病风险,但却提供更多的户内劳动供给———从事更多的家庭收入创造活动和提供家庭成员大病患者的照料服务。文章最后讨论了大病风险下户内劳动供给性别差异的原因并提出了相关建议。     

二氟沙星在鸡体内的药物代谢动力学及生物利用度研究

将 30只艾维茵肉鸡随机分为 3组 ,进行了静脉注射、肌肉注射及内服二氟沙星的药物代谢动力学研究。血浆样品经甲醇沉淀血浆蛋白 ,高速离心 ,用反相高效液相色谱法测定鸡血浆中二氟沙星的浓度 ,MCPKP计算机程序处理血浆药物浓度 时间数据。结果 ,健康鸡静脉注射给药的药时数据适合二室开放模型 ,主要药物代谢动力学参数为 :t1/ 2α=0 .6 9h± 0 .4 3h ;t1/ 2 β=6 .11h± 1.5 0h ;V1=1.70L/kg±0 .33L/kg ;Vd(area) =3.10L/kg± 0 .6 7L/kg ;ClB=0 .37L/ (kg·h)±0 .10L/ (kg·h) ;AUC =2 9.16 μg/ (mL·h)± 8.0 4 μg/ (mL·h)。健康鸡肌肉注射及内服给药的药时数据适合一级吸收一室模型 ,前者的主要药物代谢动力学参数为 :t1/ 2Ka=0 .17h± 0 .12h ,t1/ 2Ke=5 .6 4h± 0 .74h ,tmax =0 .86h± 0 .4 0h ,Cmax =2 .5 1μg/mL± 0 .36 μg/mL ,AUC =2 2 .6 2μg/ (mL·h) ± 3.2 8μg/ (mL·h) ,F =77.0 %± 11.8% ;后者的药物代谢动力学参数为 :t1/ 2Ka=1.4 6h± 1.0 0h ,t1/ 2Ke=8.2 0h± 3.12h ,tmax=4 .34h± 2 .4 0h ,Cmax=1.0 0 μg/mL± 0 .2 1μg/mL ,AUC =15 .82 μg/ (mL·h) ± 3.6 7μg/ (mL·h) ,F =5 4.2 %± 12 .6 %。二氟沙星在健康鸡体内的主要药物代谢动力学特征为 :表观分布容积大     

美国亚太战略与中国周边安全格局

美国＂重返亚洲＂是美国＂焦虑时代＂的＂应急反应＂,随着美国对亚太事务的深度介入,这种＂应急反应＂已转变成为美国完整的＂亚太战略＂。从地缘政治考量,美国的亚太战略是以巩固亚太传统的盟友关系为基础,以化解中印崛起带来不确定变量为重点,以插手热点敏感问题为手段,推行全球霸权主义战略的体现。＂围堵中国＂只是美国亚太战略的一部分。中国可利用美国亚太战略的空间错位,强化共同利益纽带,巩固周边安全格局,为推进小康社会建设和祖国统一大业,创造有利的外部条件。     

法定犯时代附属刑法立法模式之提倡

在法定犯时代,立法实践场景呈现出法定犯数量增多、法定犯自然犯化的特点.我国当前法定犯的立法模式无法回应时代变化带来的新的犯罪规制任务,且有不当扩大犯罪范围、违反罪刑法定原则的嫌疑.而其背后的法典化立法模式具有立法结构、立法思维、立法技术上的天然局限性,进一步暴露了当前法定犯立法模式的不足.为了适应社会的发展,在本土化视...     

城中村社会保障机制构建的路径选择——基于制度关联视角的分析

城乡统筹背景下的城中村社会保障是城市化进程中值得关注的问题,制度间的失衡与悖论是城中村社会保障机制的构建和社会关系的有序与和谐的制度性障碍。本文通过制度关联这一理论工具,在总结目前城中村社会保障机制类型的基础上,认为整体联动的、渐进式的、强致性和诱致性相结合的路径符合我国建立城中村社会保障的实际,为失地农民社会保障提供政策向导。     

BRICS Power

<正>When Goldman Sachs economist Jim O’Neill coined the acronym BRIC to describe collectively Brazil,Russia,India and China,the world mainly regarded it as one of the easy-come,easy-go terms in economics.A decade later,O’Neill’s concept is not forgotten.It is successfully playing an historic role in representing the shift in global economic power away