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81.
Partially, in response to recent and current military conflicts, many forensic and clinical researchers and practitioners have devoted increasing interest to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the individual variations in response to trauma. Such efforts have produced a considerable amount of research and opinion supporting the assessment of post-traumatic conditions with the Rorschach Inkblot Test. Based on PTSD and Rorschach research and an appreciation as the Rorschach as a performance test, five interpretive considerations are presented (1) cognitive constriction, (2) trauma-related imagery, (3) trauma-related cognitive disturbances, (4) stress response, and (5) dissociation. These five provide a conceptual starting point for the understanding and application of the test to post-traumatic conditions. Implications for the clinical and forensic evaluation of post-traumatic conditions and for research are presented. 相似文献
82.
Peter D. Maskell Calum Holmes Margaux Huismann Struan Reid Martin Carr Benjamin J. Jones Dawn L. Maskell 《Science & justice》2018,58(4):271-275
It is common for forensic practitioners to calculate an individual's likely blood alcohol concentration following the consumption of alcoholic beverage(s) for legal purposes, such as in driving under the influence (DUI) cases. It is important in these cases to be able to give the uncertainty of measurement on any calculated result, for this reason uncertainty data for the variables used for any calculation are required. In order to determine the uncertainty associated with the alcohol concentration of beer in the UK the alcohol concentration (%v/v) of 218 packaged beers (112 with an alcohol concentration of ≤5.5%v/v and 106 with an alcohol concentration of >5.5%v/v) were tested using an industry standard near infra-red (NIR) analyser. The range of labelled beer alcohol by volume (ABV's) tested was 3.4%v/v – 14%v/v. The beers were obtained from a range of outlets throughout the UK over a period of 12?months. The root mean square error (RMSE) was found to be ±0.43%v/v (beers with declared %ABV of ≤5.5%v/v) and ±0.53%v/v (beers with declared %ABV of >5.5%v/v) the RMSE for all beers was ±0.48%v/v. The standard deviation from the declared %ABV is larger than those previously utilised for uncertainty calculations and illustrates the importance of appropriate experimental data for use in the determination of uncertainty in forensic calculations. 相似文献
83.
84.
Dawn L. Rothe 《Critical Criminology》2016,24(2):279-302
This article offers an ethnobiographic analysis of one of the most marginalized populations in contemporary US society: impoverished individuals with schizophrenia, schizoaffective or mania hallucinatory bipolar disorder who are imprisoned, first within their minds, and secondly by the state, what I term “the spectacle.” Punishment for their disease, rather than treatment, forces many of them into constant drift-transition between shelters, seedy motels and the streets: the spectacle’s disposable trash. I argue that to be recognized as a rights-worthy human being within the neoliberal spectacle individuals are required to have the financial, social and cultural resources necessary to actively participate in the labor market and the profit-generating activities of consumption and consumerism. The limited economic resources of the mentally ill keep them from being sufficiently active participants to be viewed as socially worthy. Consequently, they become socially unworthy—the socially dead. The seriously mentally ill experience both spatial and moral dislocation. They are cast out as flawed consumers and failed workers, and more importantly, due to the stigmatization of mental illness, they are disavowed of their humanity, rendering them socially dead. 相似文献
85.
86.
John M. Butler Carolyn R. Hill Margaret C. Kline David L. Duewer Cynthia J. Sprecher Robert S. McLaren Dawn R. Rabbach Benjamin E. Krenke Douglas R. Storts 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2009,2(1):23-24
The STR locus SE33 (ACTBP2) located on chromosome 6 (6q14) is arguably the most polymorphic marker examined thus far by the forensic community with a heterozygosity of >0.95 in some populations. Three different primer sets were utilized in this study in order to assess the possibilities of primer binding site mutations. Population variation was measured in 460 U.S. Caucasian, 445 African American, 336 Hispanic, and 202 Asian samples along with mutation rates from almost 400 father–son pairs. In addition, the 10 genomic DNA components in NIST Standard Reference Material SRM 2391b were sequenced and found to exhibit a variety of additional base changes, insertions, and deletions outside of the SE33 repeat region. 相似文献
87.
Past research has identified many potential advantages of civil protection orders as a means of addressing domestic violence
without invoking an official response of the criminal justice system. Using data from a Midwestern county, this exploratory
study provides a comparison of civil protection orders with orders of protection that are filed in conjunction with a criminal
battering arrest. We examine the demographic characteristics of the respondents/defendants and petitioners/victims, the nature
of the abuse leading up to the filing of the protection order, the reasons for filing, the terms of the order, location of
the offense, and violations of orders. Our findings reveal many similarities between types of orders, in terms of order stipulations,
past abuse histories of petitioners/victims, and respondents/defendants’ likelihood of reoffending. The findings also reveal
an important difference in the petitioners’ and victims’ reasons for filing; whereas petitioners in civil cases were more
likely to identify emotional abuse as the factor leading up to issuance of the order, victims in criminal cases were more
likely to document physical abuse. We discuss these findings in the context of victim preference. 相似文献
88.
Sakshi Bhargava Mayra Y. Bámaca-Colbert Dawn P. Witherspoon Eva M. Pomerantz Richard W. Robins 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2017,46(8):1789-1804
Parental involvement in education is an important determinant of youth’s academic success. Yet, there is limited knowledge on how Latino parents’ education-related involvement changes over time. Using data from a longitudinal study of 674 Mexican-origin families (mother-adolescent dyad; M age of child at Wave 1=10.4, SD?=?0.60), we examined trajectories of parental involvement from 5th to 11th grade and the effects of socio-cultural (e.g., family SES and acculturation) and contextual (e.g., neighborhood) factors on these trajectories. Results showed that mothers reduced two aspects of the educational involvement: home-based involvement and academic aspirations, but increased on a third aspect of involvement, resource seeking. Furthermore, family SES, acculturation, and neighborhood context were differentially associated with mothers’ involvement at 5th grade and predicted changes in involvement across elementary and high school. 相似文献
89.
Dawn Starin 《亚洲研究》2013,45(4):639-652
The author of this piece from Luang Prabang remarks on the effects of Unesco's designation of Laos's fourth largest city as a “World Heritage Site.” Was the assigning of the label in 1995 a “kiss of death” for what makes Luang Prabang special? Will the designation lead to a tsunami of tourism that will destroy the cultural character and treasures Unesco sought to preserve? Has Unesco's action given birth to a premature mad dash for modernization, development, and tourism that threatens Laos and its people almost as much as incursions and colonial ambitions and mad bombing campaigns by the U.S. Air Force did in the past? 相似文献
90.
Neighborhoods matter for youth; yet, most literature focuses on neighborhood deficits rather than strengths. To understand
how best to capture neighborhoods, this study used census- and perception-based measures of neighborhood characteristics as
suggested by social disorganization and pluralistic neighborhood theories, respectively, to determine the association between
structural characteristics and perceptions of positive and negative neighborhood characteristics. The ethnically diverse (59%
White and 34% African American) sample (N = 1,414) consisted of early adolescents (53% female) and their mothers. We found that participants perceived distinct positive
and negative neighborhood characteristics. For adolescents and mothers, neighborhood structural characteristics were positively
associated with risk perceptions (e.g., physical and social disorder) but differently associated with positive neighborhood
characteristics. In addition, participants perceived their neighborhoods differently (e.g., adolescents perceived less informal
social control but more cohesion than their mothers). We discuss the importance of the neighborhood context, particularly
positive neighborhood characteristics, for rural families. 相似文献